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ECOWAS Court Gives Judgment on Press Council Inconsistency with Human Rights Law

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ECOWAS Court Gives Judgment on Press Council Inconsistency with Human Rights Law

By: Michael Mike

The ECOWAS Court of Justice has delivered its judgment in a case brought by two Nigerian journalists alleging the Nigerian Press Council Act of 1992 was discriminatory and violated their right to freedom of expression.

In its judgment delivered by Hon Justice Dupe Atoki, Judge Rapporteur, the Court declared that Sections 19 (1)(a), 27 and 37 of the Nigerian Press Council (NPC) Act failed to recognize public interest media including rights of online and citizen journalists thereby violating Article 9 (1) of the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights (ACHPR), and Article 8 (1) and 10 (2) of the Declaration of Principles on Freedom of Expression in Africa.

The Court therefore ordered the government of Nigeria to amend these contested Sections to align with international practices that promote free, pluralistic and professional journalism. It however dismissed other claims which were not substantiated.

The case with suit number ECW/CCJ/APP/31/21 was filed on 14 June 2021 by lawyers representing the Applicants – Mr Isaac Olamikan and Mrs Edoghogho Ugberease – online and citizen journalists who practise journalism for the promotion of freedom of expression, opinion, and access to information.

In the application, they claimed that Sections 19(1)a, 27 and 37 of the Nigeria Press Council Act of 1992 requiring journalists to be at least 18 years and accredited by the NPC, 25 years to be an editor with working experience in reputable media organization or news agency and registered with the Nigeria Union of Journalists, discriminated against them.

The Applicants’ lawyers led by Mr President Aigbokhan argued that these Sections failed to recognise public interest media such as the rights of online and citizen journalists and were therefore discriminatory and violated their right to freedom of expression as guaranteed under Articles 2 and 9(1) of the ACHPR, Article 19 of the Universal Declaration on Human Rights (UDHR), Articles 2, 10 and 19 of the International Convention on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and Article 8 (1) and 10 (2) of the Declaration of Principles on Freedom of Expression in Africa; and breached the State’s obligation under the ECOWAS Treaty among other cited texts.

“For example, Section 37 of the Press Council Act, puts the minimum age to practice journalism as 18 years of age, while to be qualified as an editor, requires a minimum of 25 years of age. Sections 19(a) and 27 of the Act imposes educational qualifications and compulsory courses of attendance and training before a person can be recognized and allowed to practice as a journalist,” the judgment stated.

They also submitted that they were arrested separately at different locations while investigating and gathering information for their work, and that their arrest and detention were unlawful and violated their rights.

The Applicants asked the Court to order the Respondent to amend the contested Sections of the NPC Act to align with international practice and pay 1,000,000 (one million) USD as damages.

On their part, the Respondent’s lawyers Mrs Maimuna Lami Shiru and Mrs B.J. Oladipo told the Court that ‘journalism is a sensitive profession requiring mastery as well as regulation to prevent negative effect, adding that rights to information and freedom of expression are not absolute.’

The Respondent denied arresting and detaining the Applicants unlawfully, stating that the first Applicant was arrested because his action had national security implications while the second Applicant operated illegally.

They added that, in the same way as other professional bodies, there were criteria for registration and membership as journalists, and urged the Court to dismiss the case describing it as frivolous, baseless and an abuse of court process.
In its analysis, the Court determined if the matter was within its mandate, if it was admissible and if the Sections of the NPC Act were discriminatory and violated the right to freedom of expression of the Applicants. Relying on its rules of procedure and jurisprudence, the Court held the matter was within its jurisdiction and the case was admissible.

On the alleged violation of Article 2 of ACHPR the Court noted that the Applicants did not substantiate on how they were treated differently in an identical or similar situation. Consequently, it held that their rights to freedom from discrimination under Article 2 of ACHPR has not been violated.

While on the alleged violation of Article 9 (freedom of expression), the Court noted that Section 19(1) and Section 27 of the Press Act imposing minimum educational requirement, age limit and registration, were restrictive and interfered with the right to freedom of expression, and therefore violated Article 9 (2).

In reaching its decision, the Court also noted the impact of technology in the evolving media space with the advent of citizen journalists, influencers and content creators who share news, commentary, and analysis on social issues. Though not qualified in traditional sense, they contributed to shaping public opinion.

It drew inspiration from young activists notably Malala Yousafzai and Greta Thunberg who in their teens integrated online media in their advocacy and have attained world recognition through a free and unrestricted opportunity to gather information and express opinion.

Regarding the Applicants’ claim of unlawful arrest and detention, the Court noted that the Applicants did not prove their arrest was unlawful. Consequently, the Court dismissed their claims of unlawful arrest and request for compensation.

Both parties were ordered to bear their costs of litigation.

Also on the bench were Hon Justices Edward Amoako Asante (presiding) and Sengu M. Koroma (Member).

ECOWAS Court Gives Judgment on Press Council Inconsistency with Human Rights Law

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Rising tension in Katsina as CJTF personnel fatally shoot father of bandit leader in Malumfashi

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Rising tension in Katsina as CJTF personnel fatally shoot father of bandit leader in Malumfashi

By: Zagazola Makama

The fragile peace in Malumfashi Local Government Area of Katsina State has been threatened following the fatal shooting of Alhaji Ibrahim Nagode, 60, by Civilian Joint Task Force (CJTF) personnel.

Nagode, a resident of Na’alma village, is the father of a known bandit leader, Haruna Ibrahim, also called “Fada”.

Sources told Zagazola Makama that the shooting occurred as Fada was returning to his village, following a recently brokered peace accord between bandits and the communities in Malumfashi.

Security sources said the area had been on high alert after intelligence suggested that suspected armed bandits were regrouping in the locality.
In a bid to prevent renewed attacks, the joint troops were deployed to intensify patrols as proactive measure to forestall any hostile activity,” a security source said. However, the operation reportedly resulted in the tragic death of Nagode.

The Department of State Services (DSS) has arrested all CJTF personnel involved in the incident.

Sources said that the authorities are monitoring the situation closely, warning that the death of the bandit leader’s father could escalate tensions in the region.

The sources expressed concern over the potential for retaliation, emphasizing the importance of dialogue and adherence to peace accords to prevent further bloodshed.

Meanwhile security operatives have called on residents to remain vigilant and report suspicious movements in their areas.

Rising tension in Katsina as CJTF personnel fatally shoot father of bandit leader in Malumfashi

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WFP: Recent Surge in Insecurity Driving Hunger to Level Never Before in Nigeria

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WFP: Recent Surge in Insecurity Driving Hunger to Level Never Before in Nigeria

By: Michael Mike

Growing instability across northern Nigeria, including a surge in attacks, is driving hunger to levels never seen before, the United Nations World Food Programme (WFP) has warned.

The warning follows the release of the latest Cadre Harmonisé, a regional food security analysis that classifies the severity of hunger, which found that nearly 35 million people are projected to face severe food insecurity during the 2026 lean season, the highest number recorded in Nigeria.

WFP, in a statement on Tuesday, said attacks by insurgent groups in Nigeria have intensified throughout 2025. Jama’at Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimin (JNIM), an al-Qaeda affiliate, reportedly carried out its first attack in Nigeria last month.

Meanwhile, the insurgent group Islamic State in West Africa Province (ISWAP) is said to be pursuing its expansion across the Sahel. Other recent incidents include the killing of a brigadier soldier in the northeast and attacks on public schools in the north, where several teachers and hundreds of schoolgirls remain missing.

“Communities are under severe pressure from repeated attacks and economic stress,” said David Stevenson, WFP Country Director and Representative in Nigeria.

He said: “If we can’t keep families fed and food insecurity at bay, growing desperation could fuel increased instability with insurgent groups exploiting hunger to expand their influence, creating a security threat that extends across West Africa and beyond.”

The statement lamented that Northern Nigeria is experiencing the most severe hunger crisis in a decade with rural farming communities the hardest hit. Nearly six million people in the north are projected to face crisis levels of hunger or worse during the 2026 lean season – June to August – in the conflict zones of Borno, Adamawa and Yobe states.

It added this includes some 15,000 people in Borno State who are expected to confront catastrophic hunger (Phase 5, famine-like conditions). Children are at greatest risk across Borno, Sokoto, Yobe and Zamfara, where malnutrition rates are highest.

It said the dire situation has been compounded by funding shortfalls that diminish WFP’s ability to provide life-saving assistance. In the northeast – where nearly one million people depend on WFP’s food and nutrition assistance – WFP was forced to scale down nutrition programmes in July, affecting more than 300,000 children. In areas where clinics closed, malnutrition levels deteriorated from “serious” to “critical” in the third quarter of the year.

It however assured that despite soaring needs, WFP will run out of resources for emergency food and nutrition assistance in December. Without urgent funding, millions will be left without vital support in 2026, risking more instability and deepening a crisis that the world cannot afford to ignore.

WFP: Recent Surge in Insecurity Driving Hunger to Level Never Before in Nigeria

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ActionAid Laments the Use of Social Media to Silence Women and Girls in Nigeria

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ActionAid Laments the Use of Social Media to Silence Women and Girls in Nigeria

By: Michael Mike

ActionAid Nigeria (AAN) has decried that social media and digital platforms intended to empower, are increasingly exploited to harass, stalk, and silence women and girls. In Nigeria.

AAN in a statement on Tuesday to commemorate the start of the 16 Days of Activism Against Gender-Based Violence with the theme, “UNiTE to End Digital Violence Against All Women and Girls.” signed by its Country Director, Dr. Andrew Mamedu lamented that digital threat compounds the physical dangers girls face in schools amid rising insecurity, creating a dual crisis that demands immediate and collective action.

Mamedu said: “ActionAid Nigeria has long championed safe spaces for women and girls through initiatives such as our Safe Cities project, Women’s Voice and Leadership Nigeria project, the Renewed Women’s Voice and Leadership project, Local Rights Programme and community-based GBV response programs across 21 states and the FCT. In a nation where one in four girls experience sexual violence before the age of 18, the combination of physical and online threats is a crisis that deprives our girls of safety, education, and their future.

“We UNiTE today to break this cycle, fortifying schools against physical violence and abduction, while safeguarding digital spaces from virtual predators.”

He lamented that Nigeria’s education system, intended to be a safe environment for learning, is increasingly under threat. The abduction of 25 students and the killing of a vice-principal at Government Girls Comprehensive Secondary School in Maga, Kebbi State, underscores the fear gripping many northern communities.

He further decried that across the country, schools in Kwara, Niger, Plateau, Bauchi, Kebbi, and 41 Unity schools have closed due to insecurity, forcing children out of classrooms. UNICEF reports that 60% of out-of-school children in northern Nigeria are girls, a figure likely to rise as insecurity persists. Survivors of abductions are often subjected to sexual and domestic slavery, while perpetrators extend their threats online, amplifying fear and intimidation.

He noted that Technology-Facilitated Gender-Based Violence in Nigeria takes many forms, including cyberstalking, non-consensual sharing of intimate images, deepfakes, doxxing, sextortion, and persistent online harassment, insisting that these abuses isolate and shame women and girls, disrupting their education, work, and social participation.

A 2024 UNFPA report indicates that between 16% and 58% of women and girls worldwide experience TFGBV, with Nigeria recording over 6,000 GBV cases in the first five months of 2024 alone.

He said Tech-enabled abuse has real and tangible impacts, particularly on women and girls already marginalised by factors such as ethnicity, disability, or geography. Reports from organisations including Hivos and the Development Research and Projects Centre (dRPC) show that TFGBV intensifies trauma, suppresses voices, and perpetuates cycles of poverty.

H noted that ActionAid Nigeria, alongside women’s rights organisations, survivors, and communities across the country, calls on the Federal Government, State Governments, the National Assembly, law enforcement agencies, regulatory bodies, and international partners to urgently take the following actions:

Domesticate and implement the African Commission Resolution 522 (2023) on protection from internet-based violence; Arrest and prosecute perpetrators of school abductions to reduce insecurity in educational institutions; Establish a National Task Force on Technology-Facilitated Gender-Based Violence to coordinate prevention and response efforts; Allocate specific budget lines for the digital safety of women and girls in the 2026 appropriation; Strengthen survivor-centred reporting and justice mechanisms for both physical and online gender-based violence.

ActionAid Nigeria called on all Nigerians to recognize that the safety of women and girls is the responsibility of every individual, community, and institution, stressing that together, we must act decisively to ensure every girl can learn, live, and thrive free from fear, both online and offline.

ActionAid Laments the Use of Social Media to Silence Women and Girls in Nigeria

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