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Unending Search for a Common Ground: Understanding the Dynamics of Human and Wildlife Conflict

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Unending Search for a Common Ground: Understanding the Dynamics of Human and Wildlife Conflict

By: Bright Olunusi

The term “wild” implies creatures untouched by the direct influence of humanity, preserving their instincts and behaviors. On the other hand, zoological gardens serve as ex-situ conservation sites, showcasing these magnificent animals to the public, albeit in a tamed and controlled environment. Families flock to zoos for leisure and education, seeking to witness the wonders of nature up close. One of the questions bothering the minds of tourists and non-experts from the field is, are these wild animals truly domesticated?
While years of captivity may temper their ferocity to some extent, labeling them as pets would be a grave misjudgment. Instances abound where wild animals, including lions, have lashed out at unsuspecting visitors, reminding us of the untamed essence that lies beneath their captive facade. Such encounters often end in tragedy, as evidenced by the recent incident at the zoological garden of Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife.
Without prejudice to the university’s ongoing inquiry into the remote cause of the death of Mr. Olabode Olawuyi, a veterinary technician in the zoological garden of the institution, whom the employer claimed had been tendering the nine-year-old lion from birth. Consider the plight of the zookeeper who, for close to a decade, tended to a lion under the mistaken belief of familiarity and safety. Tragedy often struck when zoo users or the attendants ignored the established protocols for handling wild animals. This unfortunate incident serves as a stark reminder of the inherent dangers posed by human-wildlife interactions within captive settings.
Indeed, human-wildlife conflicts manifest in various forms, ranging from loss of life and property to the transmission of diseases. The OAU Ife Zoo incident epitomizes this perilous nexus, underscoring the need for stringent safety measures and heightened awareness among zoo personnel and visitors alike. There are documented instances of wild animals attacking their caregivers, tourists, or those who cross their paths in their wild moments. For instance, in 2017, a harrowing incident unfolded at the Agodi Zoological Gardens when a lion managed to escape from its enclosure, leading to the devastating loss of a zoo curator’s life. This incident led to the temporary closure of the facility by the Oyo state government as a precautionary measure. In a similar vein, a tragic event unfolded in Texas in 2010 when a man was fatally kicked by his pet deer while trying to feed it, necessitating the deer’s euthanization. In 2011, in Indonesia, seven dogs, starved for two weeks, fatally attacked their owner upon his return. In 2012, a horrifying incident occurred at the Pittsburgh Zoo when a toddler fell into an African-painted dog enclosure and was fatally attacked.
To mitigate such human-wildlife conflict (HWC), especially in conservation areas, several safety precautions must be adhered to. Visitors should supervise their children closely to prevent them from wandering off and should refrain from leaning over cages or attempting to view animals from unsafe distances. It is crucial not to touch or feed the animals and to maintain a safe distance from enclosures. Proper sanitation practices, including thorough handwashing after visits, are essential to prevent the transmission of diseases.
Furthermore, zookeepers must exercise caution. They should avoid becoming overly familiar with the animals and must ensure that enclosures and cages are securely locked before and after feeding times. Regular inspections should be conducted to identify and address any structural weaknesses or faults in facilities.
In conclusion, as a wildlife conservationist who has witnessed firsthand the delicate balance between human presence and animal instincts, I implore greater vigilance and respect for the wild within captive environments. Only through fostering a deeper understanding of wildlife behavior and implementing robust safety protocols can we mitigate the risks inherent in our coexistence with these magnificent creatures.

Bright Olunusi
Boston University, Massachusetts, USA.
brightolunusi@gmail.com

Unending Search for a Common Ground: Understanding the Dynamics of Human and Wildlife Conflict

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Analysts question US motives in Nigeria, warn against foreign military intervention

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Analysts question US motives in Nigeria, warn against foreign military intervention

By: Zagazola Makama

Growing conversations among security analysts and policy observers in Nigeria are questioning what they describe as the United States’ “renewed interest” in Nigerian security, especially following recent international reactions to killings in parts of the North.

In recent weeks, statements by some U.S. politicians and evangelical groups have framed the attacks by armed groups in Nigeria as a “persecution of Christians”, throwing debates among local diplomats and defence experts that the narrative could be used as justification for foreign military involvement.

Several analysts who spoke to Zagazola Makama said history shows that no foreign military power deploys troops across oceans purely on humanitarian grounds.

A geopolitical researcher in Abuja, who requested anonymity because of the sensitivity of the subject, stated: “There is no such thing as military charity. Wherever the U.S. deploys troops, there is a strategic economic interest – oil, minerals, or military positioning.”

He cited examples of American involvement in Iraq, Libya, and Afghanistan, where interventions were initially framed around “rescue missions”, democracy, fighting Islamist Jihadist or counter-terrorism, but ended with prolonged military presence, destruction, or resource access.

According to him, the narrative of a “Christian genocide” could be a psychological operation to create public sympathy and legitimacy for intervention. “Once intervention is framed as saving victims, public resistance becomes weak. That is how foreign bases are negotiated.” said the sources.

Nigeria sits on an estimated 37 billion barrels of crude oil and possesses rare earth minerals, including lithium, uranium, and gold. These are increasingly vital to defence, tech, and energy industries worldwide.

Very soon Nigeria may start receiving proposal suggesting a U.S. military presence in strategic locations tied to resources. Places like Port Harcourt (oil-rich Niger Delta), Tsafe in Zamfara and Sokoto (gold and uranium belt), and Konduga in Borno (reported uranium deposits) as areas repeatedly discussed informally by foreign security actors.

It is a well known fact that the United States holds vast intelligence on all activities of bandits in the North West and ISWAP or Boko Haram terrorists in the North but has declined to share actionable data or lift restrictions on military procurement. Even after Nigeria secured financing to acquire long-range surveillance drones, the U.S. declined to approve the deployment, despite Nigeria meeting all requirements.

US has the biggest surveillance platform in West Africa, they monitor the entire Sahel and West Africa from satellites and aerial ISR platforms. They see every movement of bandits and terrorists. They know their coordinates,” the source said but when it comes to enabling Nigeria to end terrorism, the response becomes diplomatic and procedural.”

He also cited instances where U.S. legislation restricted Nigeria’s access to key military equipment, leading to the prolonged war on terrorism including the recent blocked transaction of equipment from Saudi Arabia.
Security analysts argue that the same countries expressing concern over insecurity frequently frustrate Nigeria’s attempts to strengthen its own capability.

“You cannot claim to be worried about terrorism while blocking the tools needed to fight terrorism,” the analyst said.

In recent years, African countries such as Niger, Burkina Faso, Guinea and Mali have removed U.S. and French military partnerships, accusing Western governments of interference or resource-driven agendas. Transitional leaders in some of these countries have alleged that foreign actors undermined internal political stability. While the U.S. government has repeatedly denied involvement in any such activities, African analysts maintain that Western foreign policy is often transactional.

Despite the concerns, the Nigerian government insists that any international partnerships must respect national sovereignty.

“Nigeria welcomes support, not dominance. Assistance must strengthen Nigeria’s capability, not replace it.”said top Government official.

Analysts question US motives in Nigeria, warn against foreign military intervention

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Murder of Fulani herder triggers reprisal attack, leaves three villagers dead in Anwule, Benue

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Murder of Fulani herder triggers reprisal attack, leaves three villagers dead in Anwule, Benue

By: Zagazola Makama

Three persons have been killed and one declared missing following a reprisal attack by suspected herders on Anwule community in Ohimini Local Government Area of Benue State.

The attack, which occurred on Tuesday, was triggered by the alleged murder of a Fulani herder by some suspected villagers in late August

The tragedy traces back to late August, when a young Fulani herder was reportedly assaulted and killed by some villagers who accused him of grazing cattle on their farmland. His death, security sources say, was the spark that ignited the deadly cycle.

“They attacked the cattle, and in the process, the young boy herding them was killed,” a security source told Zagazola.
“Up till now, his body has not been found. That incident changed everything.”

After the killing, tension became the village’s new normal. Security sources said the herders launched a desperate search for the boy’s body, while villagers, anxious over possible retaliation, kept night vigils around the community.

Instead of de-escalation, the situation worsened. On Monday, some villagers reportedly launched another attack on herders in a separate encounter, killing more cattle and a Fulani herder.

“That second attack was the tipping point,” another source disclosed. Once a human life was involved again, everyone knew a reprisal was almost certain.”

By Tuesday morning, the herders struck back.
Before troops from the Army Forward Operating Base, Otukpo, could respond to distress calls from villagers, the attackers invaded Anwule, shooting sporadically and torching homes. When the gunfire stopped, three villagers – Simon Nbach, Adoya Ejigai and Ejeh Loko – lay dead. One resident is still missing, and community members fear he may also have been killed.

One Simon Nbach, who was later identified as a pastor of the Flaming Fire Ministry, was among those caught in the attack.

Troops later assisted locals in recovering the bodies. The villagers who survived now live in fear; many have fled to neighbouring communities, abandoning their farmlands and homes.

In the aftermath, senior government officials, including the Special Adviser to the Governor on Security, Mr. Joseph Har, and the Chairman of Ohimini LGA, Mr. Gabriel Adole, visited the community. They appealed for calm and promised reinforced security surveillance.

“We understand the grief and fear, but peace must be maintained. Security agencies are already on the trail of the perpetrators,” Har told the community leaders.

Murder of Fulani herder triggers reprisal attack, leaves three villagers dead in Anwule, Benue

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ISWAP abducts mobile police officer travelling in commercial vehicle in Borno

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ISWAP abducts mobile police officer travelling in commercial vehicle in Borno

By: Zagazola Makama

Suspected Islamic State of West Africa Province (ISWAP) terrorists have abducted a mobile police officer travelling in a commercial vehicle along the Damasak–Maiduguri road in northern Borno.

Zagazola Makama gathered that the incident occurred on Monday at about 11:00 a.m. near Kareto, a community close to the Nigeria–Niger border, when the officer, identified as ASP Felix Lucius of the 73 Police Mobile Force (PMF), was attacked while en-route to Maiduguri.

Security sources said that the terrorists emerged from the bush, blocked the roadway and forced the passengers out of the vehicle before identifying and whisking away the officer.

Following the incident, troops of Operation HADIN KAI, launched a coordinated search-and-rescue operation to track the kidnappers and rescue the officer unhurt.

Kareto, located between Damasak and Gubio, has been a frequent flashpoint for ISWAP activities due to its strategic location and proximity to international escape corridors.

ISWAP abducts mobile police officer travelling in commercial vehicle in Borno

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