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FOREIGN POLICY AND THE PATH TO PEACE IN A DANGEROUS NEIGHBOURHOOD

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FOREIGN POLICY AND THE PATH TO PEACE IN A DANGEROUS NEIGHBOURHOOD

By: Michael
Mike

Nigeria’s foreign policy to promote peace and prosperity is a constitutional obligation as much as it is a considered and sensible manifesto pledge, writes Hon Yusuf Tuggar, Minister of Foreign Affairs.

I was born in a civil war and was not able to vote for my leader until I was in my 30s. Nigeria is now a country guided by the rule of law and a constitution that clearly defines our system of government. This includes our foreign policy objectives, and rightly so, because in an interconnected world, we define our sovereignty in the context of certain, key principles: our right to self-determination; our right to defend our autonomy and secure our borders; and responsibility to respect our obligations under international law.

As foreign minister, I think these provisions are not just reasonable but vital – both for our own democracy, domestic peace and prosperity but also for a more just and stable international order. But the point is this: it is the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, not the manifesto of a political party or predilections of a particular politician, that lays out these provisions. In a democracy, we have the privilege of healthy debate about our values, policies and performance. But if we are to live up to the responsibilities that come with democracy, that debate should be informed, fair and reasonable.

I respect the Constitution and its vision for Nigeria’s place in the international community, as do many of us. It has been an honour and a privilege to protect and promote those constitutional principles. They are the best guarantees for legitimacy, and the authority all governments need if they are to deliver. It is complex and time consuming. To our cost, we have learnt that there are no short cuts. Some Nigerians find fault in our Constitution, while others seek to amend it. There is always room for serious debate in a healthy democracy. But the fact remains it is the very document that President Bola Ahmed Tinubu and every public official has sworn to uphold since 1999.

Nigeria’s Constitution declares that sovereignty belongs to the people of Nigeria, from whom government, through this Constitution, derives all its powers and authority. The same Chapter of the Constitution goes on to state Nigeria’s five foreign policy objectives: promotion and protection of the national interest, African integration and support for African unity, promotion of international cooperation for peace and mutual respect, respect of international law and treaty obligations and promotion of a just world economic order. Those who suggest Nigeria does not have a foreign policy or those who agitate for a shift away from an Afro-centric foreign policy are wrong; either they are ill-informed, or deliberately disingenuous.

The irony of it all is that Nigerians are able to speak in support of our military-ruled neighbours, governed without constitutions, precisely because Chapter Four of our own constitution guarantees them these rights and freedoms. This is not the same for the citizens ruled by the very regimes for which they seek to cheerlead of those countries governed without constitutions. Nigerians who are older than 30 know this to be true because we have been there, done that. Somehow in the passage of time, some forget that the military regime here that despatched troops to restore democracy in Sierra Leone and Liberia in the 1990s had first – and by force – taken that same democracy and rule of law away from us – just as military regimes continue to do the world over.

The Constitution also makes clear why any responsible Nigerian government should be concerned when neighbours are governed without a constitution or codified rules. It goes without saying that the sovereignty of our neighbours is their business. They can grant powers to whatever governing structures they deem fit and should expect their autonomy to remain safeguarded. But when our Interdependence Sovereignty overlaps, we equally have a right to exercise control over our borders in those cases where neighbours face insurgencies that significantly comprise territorial integrity and state authority.

International Legal Sovereignty also becomes an issue when we consider that respect for international law and treaty obligations is one of our irreducible foreign policy objectives. This is not the Tinubu administration’s foreign policy; it is a constitutional provision that every Nigerian President and government official swears to uphold. Nigeria is a member of ECOWAS, which is founded on treaties and protocols to which our foreign policy objectives commit us. All 15 member countries are signatory to the treaties and protocols, which is why it was no surprise that President Tinubu, as one who swore to uphold the Constitution, abided by it when ECOWAS leaders collectively objected to Unconstitutional Changes of Government.

In reality, the contemporary nation-state system is highly competitive and Nigeria exists in a self-help world. Our Constitution and international laws are meant to serve as guard rails in navigating the system. And by virtue of our size, we have the additional responsibility of being the regional power. Regardless of how some may try to diminish our standing, it is the way other countries perceive us. Our Constitution further reifies this leadership role right from the preamble- dedicating ourselves to promoting inter-African solidarity, to the foreign policy objectives- promotion of African integration and support for African unity and elimination of discrimination in all its manifestations.

The Tinubu administration comes at a time when an interlocking suite of occurrences have made our neighbourhood less secure; implosion of Libya, failure of the EU Sahel Strategy, terrorism and criminal gangs, effects of climate change and population explosion. Nigeria did not create these challenges and was equally contending with its own domestic issue as these challenges escalated. Nigeria was not part of Operation Barkhane or the G5 in the Sahel, which were intended as efforts to fight terrorism and irregular migration but instead strengthened some irridentist Azawad/Tuareg groups that controlled border areas. This created a cauldron of disharmony between them and their national militaries, trained for a lifetime to keep their countries intact.

Nor was Nigeria part of the Partnership Framework with Third countries that conditioned aid and trade deals for Sahelian migration transit states in exchange for reducing the flow of migrants, with penalties for those who do not comply. In the case of Niger, a moment of truth was the passing of Law 2015-36 in May 2015 when its government, in consultation with the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime and technical and financial support from the European Union and its member states, criminalized ancillary activities of the migration economy, such as providing transportation and accommodation to foreign nationals anywhere north of Agadez, in direct contravention of ECOWAS Protocol on the free movement of people. They were persuaded to use a blunt hammer to crack a delicate nut. There is a highly politicised migration crisis in parts of Europe, that together we can and should resolve. But it was reckless to seek to solve one problem by creating another.

There is a reason why we have free movement in West Africa; seasonal migration- referred to in Hausa as ‘Ci Rani’. Seasonal migration in the semi-arid Sahel can be a matter of life and death, which is why we have always had turbaned Tuaregs going as far as Lagos and Port Harcourt to work as Maigadis (security) during the dry months, only to return back north during the rainy season. The weaponisation of sub-Saharan migration in Europe as a political tool led to the securitisation of the Sahel region, further exacerbating the security situation by forcing many of those affected to turn to criminal activities and terrorism. European migration figures show majority of migrants are from Syria, Afghanistan and Central Asia, not sub-Saharan Africa.

Yes, we need to work with our Sahelian neighbours to fight terrorism, by maintaining a right of pursuit into each others territories. But it would be myopic to think of this in absolutist terms, because we can accede to all conditionalities laid by them, it would still not be enough to tackle the challenges without a lasting solution to the bifurcated Libyan State as a source of weapons, training and fighters, as well as the shadowy involvement of a range of other state and non-state actors.

To achieve a lasting peace in Libya and the Sahel, Nigeria needs to deal with all the countries in the neighbourhood as well as all the major powers. For this reason, it does not make sense to simply deduce that Nigeria has to distance itself from France because that is the prevailing trend in its former colonies. The fulcrum of the Tinubu administration’s foreign policy is Strategic Autonomy, providing us with the clarity to engage with any and all nations based on our national interests and not those of others. As a nation, Nigeria is adult enough and sophisticated enough to deal with countries without being unduly influenced, because that has been part of our historical and civic tradition. You cannot cure an illness by picking which symptoms to consider and which to ignore.

Nigeria and ECOWAS will continue diplomatic efforts towards Niger, Mali and Burkina Faso. At a minimum, we have shared interest in peaceful co-existence. President Tinubu has sent a number of high-level delegations that included a former Head of State, traditional rulers and religious scholars. President Tinubu pushed for the unconditional removal of ECOWAS sanctions imposed on Niger, Mali and Burkina Faso. What he has consistently asked of the countries in question is for them to come up with a timetable for the restoration of constitutional rule and, in the case of Niger, the release of ousted President Bazoum.

Their response was to declare their intention to leave ECOWAS. With the one-year notice period coming to an end in January 2025, President Tinubu further pushed for ECOWAS to extend the grace period for another six months whilst intensifying diplomatic efforts. The response to this initiative last month was evidence-free allegations that Nigeria was harbouring foreign soldiers and as sponsoring state terrorism. Whenever President Tinubu and other democratic leaders offer stoic statesmanship and an opportunity to work together towards our common interests, it is met by confected controversy designed to divert and distract from a failure to meet the basic responsibilities of public administration. I know why coup leaders might seek to do that: it’s harder to understand the motives of apologists closer to home.

On my part, since assuming the office of Minister of Foreign Affairs on 21st August 2023, I have engaged diplomatically without pause, proposing personal visits and inviting senior government officials and representatives. Response has been akin to a diplomatic cold shoulder. We constituted a ministerial advisory committee that visited Niger and Mali and facilitated the visit of the Nigerian CDS to meet with his counterpart in Niamey. I regret that a proposed return visit was suspended by Niger after a date had been set. But let there be no doubt: we will continue to pursue diplomatic efforts assiduously, with a Ministry of Foreign Affairs that has existed for 67 years.

Nigeria’s principle of strategic autonomy is one that abhors the presence of foreign forces and private military companies in our region, whether from east or west. Nigeria presently has troops on peace keeping operations in Guinea Bissau and Gambia, with Sierra Leone on the way, where it is also supporting the setting up of a logistics base in Lungi. Nigeria is also leading the actualisation of the ECOWAS standby force, all in an effort to fight terrorism and instability within our region under the rule of law. We work closely with our partners on sharing of intelligence in order to guarantee the same rights and freedoms are enjoyed by all the people of the region.

As several of my colleagues in the region remind me, we are the hegemon, whether we admit it or not. And global politics works almost like physics, with polarity, ordering principles, distribution of power, balancing, etc. Nigeria has never had expansionist tendencies, never been threatening towards our neighbours and always chosen the path of peace and conciliation. This in part may have to do with the makeup of our polity and social fabric. Being such a huge country, we are used to the virtues of principled compromise. It is not by accident that we are the only country on the continent with six former leaders living in peace and harmony within our borders. Diversity, not division, is our strength. This is as true for Nigeria as it is for the smallest of countries – and collectively for all of our region.

FOREIGN POLICY AND THE PATH TO PEACE IN A DANGEROUS NEIGHBOURHOOD

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NDLEA Busts International Drug Routes, Uncovers Gun Factory, Seizes Tons of Illicit Drugs

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NDLEA Busts International Drug Routes, Uncovers Gun Factory, Seizes Tons of Illicit Drugs

By: Michael Mike

The National Drug Law Enforcement Agency (NDLEA) has uncovered an international drug trafficking network involving South Africa, Thailand and Nigeria, intercepting 25.05 kilogrammes of methamphetamine concealed in breakfast cereal packs and arresting an American professional basketball player over a separate 33.95 kilogramme cannabis shipment at the Murtala Muhammed International Airport, Lagos.

The twin airport operations, which exposed elaborate concealment methods and attempts to evade security checks, were part of a nationwide crackdown that also uncovered an illegal firearms manufacturing factory in Kaduna, intercepted 196 rounds of AK-47 ammunition and resulted in the seizure of several tonnes of illicit drugs across six states.

The operations brought together two particularly striking cases: a 56-year-old Nigerian who allegedly lived in South Africa for more than 24 years under a forged identity and an American basketball player who allegedly abandoned two bags containing drugs after arriving in Lagos from Thailand.

The NDLEA said the methamphetamine consignment was intercepted on Wednesday, November 11, when operatives arrested the Nigerian suspect, identified as Omokan Isaac Babatope, whose real name was given as Chinedu Onwude, at the arrival hall of Terminal II of the Lagos airport.

A search of his two travelling boxes uncovered 25 parcels of a white crystalline substance weighing 25.05 kilogrammes, which tested positive for methamphetamine.

The trafficker had allegedly concealed the drugs inside packs of assorted breakfast cereals and cereal-based food products in an attempt to pass through airport security without detection.

Investigations reportedly revealed that the 56-year-old, who holds Nigerian and South African passports, had adopted the identity Omokan Isaac Babatope after using forged documents to gain entry into South Africa more than two decades ago.

He allegedly confessed to maintaining the assumed identity throughout his stay in the country and told investigators that a South Africa-based man, identified as Obiora Okoye, contracted him to deliver the consignment in Nigeria for 20,000 South African rand.

In another international interception at the same airport on the same day, operatives arrested a 28-year-old American citizen, Greene Da’monte Khiree, over 33.95 kilogrammes of Loud, a potent strain of cannabis, allegedly imported from Thailand.

The suspect arrived in Lagos aboard an Emirates Airline flight from Thailand through Dubai but reportedly attempted to leave the airport without his two checked-in bags, taking only his carry-on luggage.

Operatives, who had placed him under discreet surveillance, apprehended him at the airport car park after observing his attempt to abandon the luggage.

A search of the two bags, both bearing his name tag, uncovered 32 parcels of Loud weighing 33.95 kilogrammes. A tracking device was also recovered from the luggage.

The suspect, a native of Savannah, Georgia, United States, reportedly told investigators that he had lived in Thailand since October 2025, where he played professional basketball, and had travelled to Nigeria on holiday to build networks for his basketball career.

However, a forensic examination of his mobile phone reportedly revealed information pointing to his knowledge of and involvement in the drug trafficking operation.

The airport seizures were followed by a major security discovery in Kaduna State, where NDLEA operatives uncovered a factory used for the local manufacture of firearms.

During a raid on Sabon Garin Kangin on November 9, operatives arrested a 45-year-old man, Sagiru Musa, and recovered 17 locally fabricated Dane guns, two pistols, 25 Dane gun pipes and other materials used in the production of firearms.

The discovery was accompanied by another interception along the Abuja-Kaduna Expressway, where officers on patrol at Jere arrested a 31-year-old woman, Tabara Dauda, on November 13 with 196 rounds of live AK-47 ammunition and N675,000 cash.

In another Kaduna operation, a 30-year-old man, Samson Chibuike Andebe, was arrested at Grace Land, Sabon Gari Local Government Area, with 3,840 tablets of tramadol 225mg weighing 2.5 kilogrammes.

Operatives also recovered 499.3 kilogrammes of skunk from two suspects, Celestine Chime, 34, and Chibueze Christ, 36, following a raid on their hideout in Gonin-Gora on November 14.

Lagos recorded further seizures when operatives arrested a 33-year-old man, Taiwo Adebayo Aderoju, at Ebute Metta on November 10 with 119.71 kilogrammes of cannabis sativa.

A separate operation in Ajah on November 14 led to the recovery of 78.8 kilogrammes of cannabis, 2.5 litres of skuchies, 6.8 litres of codeine syrup, 23 grammes of Rohypnol, 478 grammes of tramadol, 10.6 kilogrammes of nitrous oxide and 714 grammes of pregabalin.

The substances were recovered from a silver Toyota Sienna allegedly abandoned by a suspect who fled upon sighting NDLEA operatives.

In Ondo State, two suspects, Victor William, 42, and Akeem Azeez, 27, were arrested at Olabi village bush on November 10 after allegedly bringing out bags of cannabis for sale.

Their arrest led operatives to a storage facility where 50 bags of cannabis weighing 560 kilogrammes were recovered.

Another raid on a cannabis farm in Ipele forest on November 13 resulted in the arrest of three suspects, Godwin Benson, 30; Muhammed Awwal, 34; and James Timothy, 18, with 122 kilogrammes of the substance seized.

Delta State recorded one of the largest individual seizures during the operations when a 43-year-old woman, Esther Igba, was arrested at Alihame, Agbor, Ika South Local Government Area, on November 12 with 255.670 kilogrammes of cannabis sativa and 1.5 kilogrammes of cannabis seeds.

Earlier, on November 10, operatives arrested a 25-year-old suspected drug distributor, Aaron Thomas, popularly known as Ibori, at Oguato, Ughelli South Local Government Area, after tracking him for more than six months.

Described by the agency as a major illicit drug distributor operating a notorious bush bar, Thomas was arrested with 360 grammes of cannabis, 12.7 litres of codeine syrup, 500 grammes of tramadol 100mg, 90 grammes of tramadol 200mg, 215 grammes of swinol and 135 grammes of Molly, also known as MDMA.

In Osun State, NDLEA operatives conducting a farm destruction exercise at Owena Forest Reserve arrested two suspects, Eze Chidiebere, 23, and Nwaoge Ugochukwu, 24, with 86 kilogrammes of cannabis.

A related operation in the forest reserve led to the arrest of a 40-year-old man, Ugwu Chukwuemeka, with 28 kilogrammes of dried cannabis and 21 kilogrammes of fresh cannabis leaves.

His 0.855-hectare cannabis farm, estimated to contain 2,137.5 kilogrammes of the plant, was subsequently destroyed.

In Edo State, weeks of surveillance on illicit drug activities in Benin City culminated in a raid on Jamila Street, Ikpoba Hill, on November 10, leading to the arrest of a 39-year-old woman, Blessing Chukwudi.

Operatives recovered 22 compressed parcels of Loud weighing 14 kilogrammes, 65 grammes of Colorado and 73 grammes of methamphetamine from her.

Beyond the enforcement operations, the agency continued its War Against Drug Abuse sensitisation campaign in schools, religious institutions and communities across the country.

Schools reached during the week included Poko Community Primary School, Poka, Epe, Lagos; Community Grammar School, Eyinni, Ibadan; Iganmode Grammar School, Ota; Presco High School, Abakaliki; Federal Government Girls College, Efon Alaye; Obasanjo Modern Primary School, Jos; and Government Girls Secondary School, Sabon Garin Gaidam, Kano.

The Ondo State Command also paid an advocacy visit to the Olu of Ilu Abo, Oba Olu Falae, as part of efforts to enlist traditional institutions in the campaign against drug abuse.

Commending officers and men of the affected commands, NDLEA Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Brig. Gen. Buba Marwa (retd.), said the interception of methamphetamine hidden in breakfast cereal packs demonstrated that traffickers could not outsmart the agency through sophisticated concealment methods.

He said the discovery of the firearms factory in Kaduna further underscored the connection between illicit drug activities and violent crime, urging officers nationwide to sustain the momentum in both drug supply reduction and demand reduction.

Marwa stressed that enforcement operations must go hand in hand with public education and community engagement to tackle both the trafficking and consumption of illicit substances.

NDLEA Busts International Drug Routes, Uncovers Gun Factory, Seizes Tons of Illicit Drugs

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Ikpeazu Presents Credentials as Nigeria’s Permanent Representative to UN Tourism

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Ikpeazu Presents Credentials as Nigeria’s Permanent Representative to UN Tourism

By: Michael Mike

Nigeria’s Ambassador to Spain, Dr Okezie Victor Ikpeazu, has formally assumed duties as the country’s Permanent Representative to the United Nations World Tourism Organisation (UN Tourism), with a mandate to attract investment, deepen international partnerships and promote Nigeria’s tourism potential.

Ikpeazu presented his Letters of Commission to the Secretary-General of UN Tourism, Shaikha Al Nowais, at the organisation’s headquarters in Madrid, Spain, at the weekend.

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs disclosed this in a statement issued in Abuja by its spokesperson, Oluwafemi Adeniyi.

The presentation formally accredits Ikpeazu as Nigeria’s chief diplomatic representative to the specialised UN agency and is expected to strengthen the country’s participation in global tourism policy discussions and initiatives.

During a meeting after the ceremony, Al Nowais commended Nigeria’s active participation in the organisation’s activities and expressed her readiness to work closely with the Nigerian envoy to strengthen bilateral cooperation.

In his response, Ikpeazu conveyed the goodwill of President Bola Tinubu to the Secretary-General and highlighted Nigeria’s vast tourism and creative industry potential.

He identified the country’s cultural diversity, vibrant music industry, globally acclaimed Nollywood film industry, colourful festivals and seasonal events such as Detty December as major attractions capable of drawing international visitors.

He said Nigeria’s tourism offerings presented significant opportunities for international collaboration, investment and economic growth.

As Permanent Representative, Ikpeazu is expected to articulate Nigeria’s tourism priorities, build partnerships with other member states and promote inward investment and technical cooperation within the UN Tourism framework.

His appointment aligns with the Federal Government’s economic diversification agenda, which identifies tourism and the creative industries as important drivers of economic growth, employment generation and foreign exchange earnings.

The ministry said the accreditation also marked a renewed phase of Nigeria’s engagement with the organisation, whose leadership is currently headed by Al Nowais, the first woman to serve as Secretary-General in its 50-year history.

Nigeria has continued to participate in the organisation’s programmes, including the recent admission of the Eko Tourism Foundation as an Affiliate Member during the 126th Session of the UN Tourism Executive Council in Toledo, Spain.

The ministry said Ikpeazu’s concurrent accreditation as Permanent Representative would enable Nigeria to take advantage of Madrid’s position as the organisation’s headquarters to advance its cultural diplomacy and tourism interests.

Ikpeazu was accompanied to the presentation ceremony by Mr Kimiebi Imomotimi Ebienfa, Senior Counsellor at the Nigerian Embassy in Madrid.

Ikpeazu Presents Credentials as Nigeria’s Permanent Representative to UN Tourism

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MSF Raises Alarm Over Diphtheria Drug Shortage, Says Thousands of Nigerian Children at Risk

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MSF Raises Alarm Over Diphtheria Drug Shortage, Says Thousands of Nigerian Children at Risk

By: Michael Mike

Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF), otherwise known as Doctors Without Borders, has warned that shortages of life-saving diphtheria antitoxin and poor vaccination coverage are worsening Nigeria’s diphtheria outbreak, leaving thousands of children vulnerable to severe illness and death.

The international medical humanitarian organisation said the global shortage of diphtheria antitoxin (DAT), the only specific treatment capable of neutralising the toxin produced by the disease, was undermining treatment efforts, particularly in northern Nigeria where infections and deaths remain high.

It urged the Federal Government, state authorities, donors and international health partners to urgently secure available supplies of antitoxin, vaccines and other essential medicines, while ensuring their prompt clearance at ports and distribution to affected communities.

MSF Medical Coordinator in Nigeria, Dr David Kizito, raised the alarm in a statement issued on Friday, warning that dwindling stocks could leave medical teams unable to treat critically ill children.

“The global shortage of diphtheria antitoxin is becoming a matter of life and death. Our stocks are dangerously low, and we risk being unable to treat children and save lives as the outbreak continues,” Kizito said.

He regretted that children continued to develop life-threatening complications from a preventable disease because of incomplete vaccination and delays in accessing medical care.

According to MSF, diphtheria antitoxin is most effective when administered within 48 hours of the onset of symptoms, making timely availability critical to preventing complications and deaths.

The organisation said inadequate supplies had repeatedly forced its medical teams to ration treatment or manage patients without sufficient quantities of the essential drug, thereby compromising treatment outcomes.

Nigeria has been battling a major diphtheria outbreak since late 2022, with cumulative figures exceeding 41,000 suspected cases, more than 24,000 confirmed infections and over 1,260 deaths nationwide.

The outbreak has particularly affected northern states, including Bauchi, Borno, Kaduna, Katsina, Kano, Plateau, Sokoto and Zamfara, where several communities have recorded fresh increases in infections.

In 2026 alone, Nigeria had recorded 12,977 suspected cases, 10,476 confirmed infections and 406 deaths as of August 9, according to the organisation.

The figures underscore the continuing pressure on healthcare facilities, particularly in communities where routine immunisation remains inadequate and access to specialised treatment is limited.

MSF said it had treated more than 9,000 diphtheria patients through facility and community-based interventions since the beginning of its response this year, while supporting state health authorities with surveillance, infection prevention, vaccination, health promotion, referrals and medical supplies.

Its teams are currently supporting treatment and isolation facilities in Kano, Sokoto and Zamfara, with additional interventions in Bauchi, Katsina and Kebbi states.

In Kano, the organisation supported a two-round vaccination campaign in April and June in partnership with the state Ministry of Health, administering more than 835,000 vaccine doses to children.

In Sokoto, it supported two vaccination rounds between February and April, reaching 49,018 children under the age of 15.

However, the situation in Zamfara illustrates the scale of the vaccination gap confronting efforts to contain the outbreak.

Following the state’s declaration of an outbreak in September, MSF-supported facilities in Gusau recorded more than 671 admissions within one month, beginning October 6.

The organisation said most of the patients were children, while four out of every five admitted had not received diphtheria vaccination.

It further disclosed that only 25,000 of the 90,000 vaccine doses required for a reactive vaccination campaign in Zamfara had been supplied, leaving approximately three-quarters of the targeted children unreached.

MSF said it was working with government health authorities to secure additional doses and implement a large-scale vaccination campaign to close the gap.

The organisation also highlighted the human consequences of the outbreak through the experience of Shafa’atu, a mother whose three children were treated for diphtheria at an MSF-supported hospital in Sokoto.

She said her family initially knew little about the disease and became frightened when their first child developed symptoms.

“My child struggled to eat, and whenever he ate, he vomited. Diphtheria is a dangerous disease,” she said.

Beyond the immediate shortage of treatment, MSF identified weak routine immunisation as a major factor sustaining transmission, particularly in rural communities across northern Nigeria.

It called for sustained investment in routine vaccination to build community immunity and prevent recurring outbreaks, while urging pharmaceutical manufacturers and global health partners to expand diphtheria antitoxin production and establish reliable supply arrangements.

The organisation noted that although DAT is included in the World Health Organisation’s Model List of Essential Medicines, its global availability remains inconsistent because manufacturers produce limited quantities amid unpredictable demand and low financial returns.

It said many countries, including Nigeria, lacked contingency stocks and depended on donations or procurement through United Nations agencies.

Diphtheria is a potentially fatal bacterial infection transmitted mainly through respiratory droplets and contact with infected wounds. It can cause fever, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes and the formation of a thick membrane in the throat that can obstruct breathing.

In severe cases, the toxin can damage the heart, nerves and kidneys, with between 30 and 40 per cent of infected persons at risk of dying without appropriate treatment, according to MSF.

The organisation said its interventions in Zamfara’s Gummi, Talata Mafara, Shinkafi and Zurmi local government areas had resulted in the treatment of 1,054 patients since January 2026.

In Bauchi State, MSF said it helped reduce the diphtheria case fatality rate from 8.7 per cent to one per cent after treating at least 1,890 suspected patients between August 2025 and May 2026.

It also reported that its teams managed 86 diphtheria cases in Katsina between October 26 and November 12, comprising 70 severe and 16 non-severe cases.

During the same period, 1,315 contacts were reached through facility-based interventions and contact tracing, with 1,301 vaccinated and 1,311 given antibiotic prophylaxis.

MSF stressed that addressing the outbreak required more than emergency treatment, insisting that uninterrupted access to antitoxin, expanded vaccination coverage and sustained investment in primary healthcare were essential to protecting children and preventing further deaths.

MSF Raises Alarm Over Diphtheria Drug Shortage, Says Thousands of Nigerian Children at Risk

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