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ECOWAS Court Gives Judgment on Press Council Inconsistency with Human Rights Law
ECOWAS Court Gives Judgment on Press Council Inconsistency with Human Rights Law
By: Michael Mike
The ECOWAS Court of Justice has delivered its judgment in a case brought by two Nigerian journalists alleging the Nigerian Press Council Act of 1992 was discriminatory and violated their right to freedom of expression.
In its judgment delivered by Hon Justice Dupe Atoki, Judge Rapporteur, the Court declared that Sections 19 (1)(a), 27 and 37 of the Nigerian Press Council (NPC) Act failed to recognize public interest media including rights of online and citizen journalists thereby violating Article 9 (1) of the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights (ACHPR), and Article 8 (1) and 10 (2) of the Declaration of Principles on Freedom of Expression in Africa.
The Court therefore ordered the government of Nigeria to amend these contested Sections to align with international practices that promote free, pluralistic and professional journalism. It however dismissed other claims which were not substantiated.
The case with suit number ECW/CCJ/APP/31/21 was filed on 14 June 2021 by lawyers representing the Applicants – Mr Isaac Olamikan and Mrs Edoghogho Ugberease – online and citizen journalists who practise journalism for the promotion of freedom of expression, opinion, and access to information.
In the application, they claimed that Sections 19(1)a, 27 and 37 of the Nigeria Press Council Act of 1992 requiring journalists to be at least 18 years and accredited by the NPC, 25 years to be an editor with working experience in reputable media organization or news agency and registered with the Nigeria Union of Journalists, discriminated against them.
The Applicants’ lawyers led by Mr President Aigbokhan argued that these Sections failed to recognise public interest media such as the rights of online and citizen journalists and were therefore discriminatory and violated their right to freedom of expression as guaranteed under Articles 2 and 9(1) of the ACHPR, Article 19 of the Universal Declaration on Human Rights (UDHR), Articles 2, 10 and 19 of the International Convention on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and Article 8 (1) and 10 (2) of the Declaration of Principles on Freedom of Expression in Africa; and breached the State’s obligation under the ECOWAS Treaty among other cited texts.
“For example, Section 37 of the Press Council Act, puts the minimum age to practice journalism as 18 years of age, while to be qualified as an editor, requires a minimum of 25 years of age. Sections 19(a) and 27 of the Act imposes educational qualifications and compulsory courses of attendance and training before a person can be recognized and allowed to practice as a journalist,” the judgment stated.
They also submitted that they were arrested separately at different locations while investigating and gathering information for their work, and that their arrest and detention were unlawful and violated their rights.
The Applicants asked the Court to order the Respondent to amend the contested Sections of the NPC Act to align with international practice and pay 1,000,000 (one million) USD as damages.
On their part, the Respondent’s lawyers Mrs Maimuna Lami Shiru and Mrs B.J. Oladipo told the Court that ‘journalism is a sensitive profession requiring mastery as well as regulation to prevent negative effect, adding that rights to information and freedom of expression are not absolute.’
The Respondent denied arresting and detaining the Applicants unlawfully, stating that the first Applicant was arrested because his action had national security implications while the second Applicant operated illegally.
They added that, in the same way as other professional bodies, there were criteria for registration and membership as journalists, and urged the Court to dismiss the case describing it as frivolous, baseless and an abuse of court process.
In its analysis, the Court determined if the matter was within its mandate, if it was admissible and if the Sections of the NPC Act were discriminatory and violated the right to freedom of expression of the Applicants. Relying on its rules of procedure and jurisprudence, the Court held the matter was within its jurisdiction and the case was admissible.
On the alleged violation of Article 2 of ACHPR the Court noted that the Applicants did not substantiate on how they were treated differently in an identical or similar situation. Consequently, it held that their rights to freedom from discrimination under Article 2 of ACHPR has not been violated.
While on the alleged violation of Article 9 (freedom of expression), the Court noted that Section 19(1) and Section 27 of the Press Act imposing minimum educational requirement, age limit and registration, were restrictive and interfered with the right to freedom of expression, and therefore violated Article 9 (2).
In reaching its decision, the Court also noted the impact of technology in the evolving media space with the advent of citizen journalists, influencers and content creators who share news, commentary, and analysis on social issues. Though not qualified in traditional sense, they contributed to shaping public opinion.
It drew inspiration from young activists notably Malala Yousafzai and Greta Thunberg who in their teens integrated online media in their advocacy and have attained world recognition through a free and unrestricted opportunity to gather information and express opinion.
Regarding the Applicants’ claim of unlawful arrest and detention, the Court noted that the Applicants did not prove their arrest was unlawful. Consequently, the Court dismissed their claims of unlawful arrest and request for compensation.
Both parties were ordered to bear their costs of litigation.
Also on the bench were Hon Justices Edward Amoako Asante (presiding) and Sengu M. Koroma (Member).
ECOWAS Court Gives Judgment on Press Council Inconsistency with Human Rights Law
News
World bank boss commends Zulum for massive investment in education
World bank boss commends Zulum for massive investment in education
By: Bodunrin Kayode
The World Bank Country Director for Nigeria, Dr Mathew Verghis, has commended Governor Babagana Zulum for his massive investment in the education sector which to him is the very foundation for development.
He described Borno as a State of resilience, history and long term scholarship which is why he is not surprised that education has become a front burner investment which has come to stay.
The World Bank boss made the remark during the commissioning of the Maimusari primary and junior secondary school Mairi on Monday in the presence of the Governor and several dignitaries who witnessed the occasion.
Dr Verghis noted that the commissioning of 104 mega schools so far in the state is a continuation of the legacy and scholarship that has been associated with the renowned Kanem Borno Empire.
Verghis called on the students to ask questions to enable them make progress and “dream” very well to get to the very essence of seeking for an education which is the reason for being in school.
Earlier, the World Bank boss had commissioned some legacy projects executed by the administration of Governor Babaganda Zulum before arriving Mairi in jere council area.
The projects, comprising a flyover bridge, three state-of-the-art mega schools and three dual-carriageway road projects, represents Zulum’s giant strides in Borno’s post-insurgency urban renewal and human capital development agenda.
He stated during one of the events that, “We have seen today many of the programmes that Governor Zulum is leading and where the World Bank is supporting, and we are proud to do that and will continue to do so.
“We will continue to work with the government of Borno State, the Federal Government of Nigeria, and the communities and families who are the true architects of this country’s future.
“These schools are more than buildings; it is a testament, it says to every young person in this community, your future matters, it says to every girl who was told that school was not for her, we disagree, it says all this to every family that has endured hardship and anxiety and uncertainty.” said Verghis.
The newly commissioned educational facilities included the 30 classrooms Government Secondary School, Maimusari, Mairi; the 30 classrooms Mega Primary School, Maimusari and the Classrooms Command Secondary School, Maiduguri.
Other projects commissioned were the West End flyover bridge, the 1.53 km Sultan Mainalari Dual Carriage Road, the 2.3 km Bursari Dual Carriage Road and the 2.4 km Shehu Sanda Kura Dual Carriage Road.
Responding, Zulum highlighted some of the milestones achieved by his administration, including equitable access to quality education, infrastructure and urban renewal, economic growth and efforts on climate change.
He stressed that “Today’s commissioning of Maimusari Junior Secondary School, Mairi, alongside other mega school facilities, represents a major achievement in our education recovery and expansion efforts. These modern 30 classroom mega schools are designed to provide equitable access to quality education, particularly for orphans, vulnerable children, and those affected by conflict.
“The urgency of these investments is reflected in findings from the World Bank-supported Recovery and Peace Building Assessment, which revealed that over 5,000 classrooms were destroyed, leaving approximately 2.2 million children out of school at the peak of the crisis.
“In response, our administration has constructed 104 new schools and rehabilitated 2,931 classrooms and related facilities. These interventions have reduced the number of out-of-school children by over 70 per cent, bringing the figure to fewer than 800,000, while school enrolment has increased to over 1.4 million children as at December 2025.
“To sustain school enrolment and retention, particularly among children from vulnerable households, our administration has implemented comprehensive support measures since 2019. These include the provision of over 20 million exercise books, 2 million textbooks, 1.5 million sets of school uniforms, 700,000 school bags, and other essential learning materials.
“In addition, our school feeding programme supports approximately 50,000 pupils annually, while the distribution of 10,000 bicycles has improved access to education for students in rural communities. These interventions reflect our unwavering commitment to removing barriers to education and ensuring that no child is left behind.
“In response to the large number of out-of-school youth who have exceeded conventional school age, our administration has prioritised Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) as a pathway for skills acquisition and economic empowerment. We have established five Vocational Enterprise Institutes, three Second-Chance Women and Girls Skills Entrepreneurship Schools, and reactivated nine vocational training centres across the State.
“In addition, we have undertaken reforms to modernise the Tsangaya education system while preserving its rich heritage. As part of this initiative, we are establishing Higher Islamic Colleges in each of the 27 local government areas, with 20 already completed, alongside the introduction of basic literacy, numeracy, English Language proficiency, ICT, and technical and vocational skills to equip learners with competencies relevant to today’s world.
“Beyond education, our administration continues to invest significantly in critical infrastructure to support urban renewal and economic growth. Today, you commissioned 7.44 kilometres of dual carriageway, 14.86 kilometres of drainage infrastructure, and our third flyover bridge.
” In total, we have constructed four flyovers, with another currently underway, alongside approximately 412.603 kilometres of roads and 108.97 kilometres of drainage systems across the State.” said the Governor.
World bank boss commends Zulum for massive investment in education
News
NEMA Provides Relief to Banditry Victims in Kebbi as Communities Struggle to Recover
NEMA Provides Relief to Banditry Victims in Kebbi as Communities Struggle to Recover
By: Michael Mike
The National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA) has commenced the distribution of emergency relief materials to victims of recent banditry attacks in Kebbi State, offering support to families displaced by a wave of violence that has unsettled parts of the state.
The Director-General of NEMA, Zubaida Umar, flagged off the exercise in Birnin Kebbi, targeting affected residents in Shanga, Yauri and Bunza Local Government Areas. She said the intervention followed a detailed assessment of the affected communities to identify their most pressing needs.

Over the past weeks, suspected bandits reportedly launched coordinated attacks on several villages across the three local government areas. Residents were forced to flee as homes were burnt, food stores destroyed and livelihoods disrupted. Local authorities confirmed casualties and displacement, with many families seeking refuge in neighbouring communities and temporary shelters.
The attacks form part of a broader security challenge confronting parts of northwestern Nigeria, where armed groups have carried out raids on rural settlements, targeting civilians and farmlands. In Kebbi, the violence has compounded existing socio-economic pressures, particularly for farming communities that depend on seasonal harvests for survival.

Speaking at the flag-off ceremony, Umar conveyed the Federal Government’s sympathy to the affected families and the Kebbi State Government. She noted that the relief materials—including food items, bedding and other essential supplies—were provided to cushion the immediate hardship faced by victims.
According to her, the response aligns with the Renewed Hope Agenda of President Bola Ahmed Tinubu, which prioritises prompt humanitarian assistance and citizen welfare. She reaffirmed the government’s commitment to supporting vulnerable populations impacted by insecurity and other disasters.
Representing the Emir of Gwandu, the Wazirin Gwandu, Alhaji Abubakar Umar, commended the Federal Government and NEMA for what he described as a timely and compassionate intervention. He urged beneficiaries to make judicious use of the items while praying for lasting peace in the affected communities.
Also speaking, the Wife of the Kebbi State Governor, Hajiya Zainab Nasare Nasir, said the support would help restore hope to displaced families and ease the burden on host communities.
The distribution exercise is part of ongoing efforts by NEMA to mitigate the humanitarian consequences of insecurity and strengthen support systems for crisis-affected populations across the country.
NEMA Provides Relief to Banditry Victims in Kebbi as Communities Struggle to Recover
News
Zulum Unveils Infrastructure Push as World Bank Reaffirms Development Support for Borno
Zulum Unveils Infrastructure Push as World Bank Reaffirms Development Support for Borno
By: Michael Mike
Borno State Governor, Prof. Babagana Zulum has reiterated his administration’s commitment to post-conflict reconstruction and sustainable development following the commissioning of multiple infrastructure and education projects across the state, amid growing international development partnerships.
The projects were formally inaugurated by the Nigeria Country Director of the World Bank, Dr. Mathew Verghis, who described the investments as critical milestones in strengthening human capital development and economic resilience in regions recovering from insurgency.

Verghis praised the Borno State Government for prioritising education and infrastructure as pillars of recovery, noting that long-term stability in conflict-affected regions depends largely on access to quality education, functional infrastructure, and inclusive economic opportunities.
The newly inaugurated facilities include three modern mega schools designed to expand access to quality learning for children in vulnerable communities, as well as major road infrastructure projects aimed at easing movement within Maiduguri metropolis.

The educational facilities include the Government Secondary School Mainusari, the Mega Primary School Maimusari, and the Command Secondary School Maiduguri, all equipped with modern classrooms, learning materials, and student support facilities.
The infrastructure component of the project covers the West End flyover bridge and three major dual carriageway roads spanning Sultan Mainalari, Bursari, and Shehu Sanda Kura corridors. State officials say the roads will improve traffic flow, boost commerce, and enhance security surveillance within the city.
Speaking at the commissioning ceremony, Zulum said his administration is deliberately investing in education as a strategic tool for social transformation. He explained that decades of insurgency had severely damaged school infrastructure and disrupted learning for millions of children.
He disclosed that more than 5,000 classrooms were destroyed during the conflict, displacing thousands of students. To address the challenge, the state government has embarked on massive reconstruction efforts, building new schools while rehabilitating damaged facilities across rural and urban communities.
The governor also highlighted several social intervention programmes aimed at supporting students’ retention in school. These include the distribution of millions of exercise books and textbooks, provision of school uniforms and learning bags, and the expansion of school feeding programmes targeting thousands of pupils annually.

Zulum further stated that vocational and technical education has been prioritised to address youth unemployment. According to him, the state has established multiple vocational training institutes and entrepreneurship schools for women and youth, designed to promote skills acquisition and small business development.
Community leaders, education stakeholders, and development partners attending the event described the projects as a confidence-building step for displaced communities gradually returning to normal life after years of instability.
Observers say the growing partnership between Borno State and international development organisations signals stronger support for recovery, governance reforms, and sustainable growth in the North-East region.
Zulum Unveils Infrastructure Push as World Bank Reaffirms Development Support for Borno
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