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ECOWAS Court Gives Judgment on Press Council Inconsistency with Human Rights Law

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ECOWAS Court Gives Judgment on Press Council Inconsistency with Human Rights Law

By: Michael Mike

The ECOWAS Court of Justice has delivered its judgment in a case brought by two Nigerian journalists alleging the Nigerian Press Council Act of 1992 was discriminatory and violated their right to freedom of expression.

In its judgment delivered by Hon Justice Dupe Atoki, Judge Rapporteur, the Court declared that Sections 19 (1)(a), 27 and 37 of the Nigerian Press Council (NPC) Act failed to recognize public interest media including rights of online and citizen journalists thereby violating Article 9 (1) of the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights (ACHPR), and Article 8 (1) and 10 (2) of the Declaration of Principles on Freedom of Expression in Africa.

The Court therefore ordered the government of Nigeria to amend these contested Sections to align with international practices that promote free, pluralistic and professional journalism. It however dismissed other claims which were not substantiated.

The case with suit number ECW/CCJ/APP/31/21 was filed on 14 June 2021 by lawyers representing the Applicants – Mr Isaac Olamikan and Mrs Edoghogho Ugberease – online and citizen journalists who practise journalism for the promotion of freedom of expression, opinion, and access to information.

In the application, they claimed that Sections 19(1)a, 27 and 37 of the Nigeria Press Council Act of 1992 requiring journalists to be at least 18 years and accredited by the NPC, 25 years to be an editor with working experience in reputable media organization or news agency and registered with the Nigeria Union of Journalists, discriminated against them.

The Applicants’ lawyers led by Mr President Aigbokhan argued that these Sections failed to recognise public interest media such as the rights of online and citizen journalists and were therefore discriminatory and violated their right to freedom of expression as guaranteed under Articles 2 and 9(1) of the ACHPR, Article 19 of the Universal Declaration on Human Rights (UDHR), Articles 2, 10 and 19 of the International Convention on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and Article 8 (1) and 10 (2) of the Declaration of Principles on Freedom of Expression in Africa; and breached the State’s obligation under the ECOWAS Treaty among other cited texts.

“For example, Section 37 of the Press Council Act, puts the minimum age to practice journalism as 18 years of age, while to be qualified as an editor, requires a minimum of 25 years of age. Sections 19(a) and 27 of the Act imposes educational qualifications and compulsory courses of attendance and training before a person can be recognized and allowed to practice as a journalist,” the judgment stated.

They also submitted that they were arrested separately at different locations while investigating and gathering information for their work, and that their arrest and detention were unlawful and violated their rights.

The Applicants asked the Court to order the Respondent to amend the contested Sections of the NPC Act to align with international practice and pay 1,000,000 (one million) USD as damages.

On their part, the Respondent’s lawyers Mrs Maimuna Lami Shiru and Mrs B.J. Oladipo told the Court that ‘journalism is a sensitive profession requiring mastery as well as regulation to prevent negative effect, adding that rights to information and freedom of expression are not absolute.’

The Respondent denied arresting and detaining the Applicants unlawfully, stating that the first Applicant was arrested because his action had national security implications while the second Applicant operated illegally.

They added that, in the same way as other professional bodies, there were criteria for registration and membership as journalists, and urged the Court to dismiss the case describing it as frivolous, baseless and an abuse of court process.
In its analysis, the Court determined if the matter was within its mandate, if it was admissible and if the Sections of the NPC Act were discriminatory and violated the right to freedom of expression of the Applicants. Relying on its rules of procedure and jurisprudence, the Court held the matter was within its jurisdiction and the case was admissible.

On the alleged violation of Article 2 of ACHPR the Court noted that the Applicants did not substantiate on how they were treated differently in an identical or similar situation. Consequently, it held that their rights to freedom from discrimination under Article 2 of ACHPR has not been violated.

While on the alleged violation of Article 9 (freedom of expression), the Court noted that Section 19(1) and Section 27 of the Press Act imposing minimum educational requirement, age limit and registration, were restrictive and interfered with the right to freedom of expression, and therefore violated Article 9 (2).

In reaching its decision, the Court also noted the impact of technology in the evolving media space with the advent of citizen journalists, influencers and content creators who share news, commentary, and analysis on social issues. Though not qualified in traditional sense, they contributed to shaping public opinion.

It drew inspiration from young activists notably Malala Yousafzai and Greta Thunberg who in their teens integrated online media in their advocacy and have attained world recognition through a free and unrestricted opportunity to gather information and express opinion.

Regarding the Applicants’ claim of unlawful arrest and detention, the Court noted that the Applicants did not prove their arrest was unlawful. Consequently, the Court dismissed their claims of unlawful arrest and request for compensation.

Both parties were ordered to bear their costs of litigation.

Also on the bench were Hon Justices Edward Amoako Asante (presiding) and Sengu M. Koroma (Member).

ECOWAS Court Gives Judgment on Press Council Inconsistency with Human Rights Law

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U.S. Under Secretary of State Allison Hooker Begins Strategic Foreign Visit Including Nigeria, Middle East, and Rome

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U.S. Under Secretary of State Allison Hooker Begins Strategic Foreign Visit Including Nigeria, Middle East, and Rome

By: Michael Mike

Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs Allison Hooker has embarked on a week-long diplomatic mission that includes stops in Abuja, Nigeria; Muscat, Oman; Manama, Bahrain; and Rome, Italy from January 21–29, 2026, the U.S. State Department confirmed in a statement this week. 

In Nigeria, Hooker is leading the American delegation and serving as head of the U.S.–Nigeria Joint Working Group—a recently established platform aimed at strengthening bilateral cooperation on security and economic issues. During talks in Abuja, the delegation is expected to discuss strategies for protecting vulnerable communities, enhancing cooperation against terrorism, and expanding U.S. investment opportunities in the West African nation. 

The visit comes at a time of heightened focus on Nigeria’s internal security challenges and international efforts to support peace and stability across the region. Local and international observers have noted ongoing discussions between U.S. and Nigerian authorities on religious violence and security cooperation as part of broader diplomatic engagement. 

After concluding discussions in Nigeria, Hooker’s itinerary moves to the Gulf region, where she will lead strategic dialogues with officials in Oman and Bahrain. These talks are expected to advance cooperation on regional security, economic ties, and cultural exchange, reflecting shared interests between the United States and its partners in the Middle East. 

The final leg of the trip will take Hooker to Rome, where she will meet with counterparts from European governments and international organisations. In Italy, engagements will cover major global priorities including the ongoing Russia-Ukraine conflict, diplomatic efforts toward peace in the Middle East, and developments in Venezuela. She is also scheduled to hold meetings with senior officials from United Nations agencies based in the city—such as the World Food Programme (WFP) and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)—to discuss accountability and oversight of U.S.-funded assistance programs and to explore potential new agricultural trade opportunities for American producers. 

Hooker, who was appointed Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs in mid-2025, oversees key regional and bilateral policy issues and plays a central role in shaping U.S. foreign policy across multiple regions. 

Her current tour underscores Washington’s intent to reinforce diplomatic engagement across Africa, the Middle East, and Europe at a time of evolving geopolitical challenges
End

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WFP Raises Alarm Over Possible Food Aid Cuts as Hunger Deepens in Northern Nigeria

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WFP Raises Alarm Over Possible Food Aid Cuts as Hunger Deepens in Northern Nigeria

By: Michael Mike

The United Nations World Food Programme (WFP) has warned that more than one million people in northeast Nigeria could lose access to emergency food and nutrition assistance within weeks due to a severe funding shortfall.

The agency said that without urgent financial support, it will be forced to drastically scale down its operations, limiting assistance to just 72,000 people—an unprecedented reduction in Nigeria. The warning comes amid a sharp rise in violence, displacement, and hunger across the country’s northern regions.

Nigeria is currently facing one of its most serious food security crises in recent years. According to the latest Cadre Harmonisé food security analysis, nearly 35 million people are expected to experience acute food insecurity during the 2026 lean season. In Borno State alone, about 15,000 people are classified as facing catastrophic hunger, the most severe level short of famine and the highest recorded in the state in a decade.

Speaking on the situation, WFP’s Nigeria Country Director, David Stevenson, cautioned that cutting food assistance at this critical time could have far-reaching humanitarian and security consequences. He noted that millions of displaced and vulnerable people depend on food aid for survival and stability.

WFP has operated in northeast Nigeria since 2015, providing food and nutrition support to nearly two million people each year in areas affected by conflict. Beyond emergency relief, the organisation also supports local food systems by purchasing food domestically and helping communities build resilience against future shocks.

However, renewed insecurity has further strained already fragile communities. Over the past four months, about 3.5 million people have reportedly been displaced nationwide, with the majority of them in northern Nigeria. The violence has disrupted farming activities, destroyed food supplies, and pushed malnutrition rates in several states to critical levels.

Despite recent donor contributions that helped sustain operations, WFP said those funds have now been exhausted. The agency warned that if food assistance in displacement camps is halted, many people may be forced to leave in search of survival, potentially migrating to other regions or becoming vulnerable to recruitment by armed groups.

To prevent a complete shutdown of its northeast Nigeria operations, WFP said it urgently needs about 129 million dollars to cover food assistance and related activities over the next six months.

The agency stressed that continued humanitarian support remains a key stabilising factor in conflict-affected areas, helping to prevent further displacement and regional spillover of the crisis.

WFP Raises Alarm Over Possible Food Aid Cuts as Hunger Deepens in Northern Nigeria

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Kurmin Wali Church Attacks Spark Fresh Calls for Community-Based Forest Guards

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Kurmin Wali Church Attacks Spark Fresh Calls for Community-Based Forest Guards

By: Michael Mike

The Northern Christian Youth Professionals (NCYP) have condemned the recent attack on Kurmin Wali village in Kajuru Local Government Area of Kaduna State, describing the incident as a stark reminder of the security gaps in forest-bordering communities across northern Nigeria.

According to reports, armed kidnappers stormed the community, invaded three churches, abducted 169 worshippers, and escaped through nearby forests without encountering resistance. The attack has triggered renewed concern over the vulnerability of rural settlements located close to vast, ungoverned forest areas.

In a statement issued on Thursday, NCYP said the incident underscored the urgent need for a functional and community-driven Forest Guard system. The group argued that if local residents had been trained and deployed as part of a forest security structure, the attack could have been prevented or at least disrupted through early warning and coordination with security agencies.

“The ease with which the attackers operated raises serious questions about the current security framework in forest communities,” the group said, noting that criminal groups often exploit the absence of local resistance to carry out kidnappings and attacks.

While acknowledging the efforts of President Bola Ahmed Tinubu and Kaduna State Governor Uba Sani to address insecurity, the group in the statement signed by its Chairman, Isaac Abrak maintained that recent events show the need to strengthen existing strategies, referencing the federal government’s approval of a Forest Guard initiative but stressed that its success depends on the inclusion of indigenous community members who understand the terrain and live permanently in affected areas.

NCYP further stated that it is unrealistic to expect the military and police to maintain a constant presence in every forest and rural settlement. Instead, it advocated a complementary approach where trained community members support conventional security forces by monitoring forest movements and providing timely intelligence.

The group also linked the urgency of security reforms to the broader political landscape, noting that expectations are high ahead of the 2027 general elections. It urged the federal government to ensure that the Forest Guard initiative is fully implemented in a way that empowers vulnerable communities.

The Kurmin Wali attack adds to a growing list of incidents in Kaduna State and other parts of the North-West, where criminal groups have increasingly targeted rural communities, places of worship, and travellers, often retreating into forests that remain difficult to police.

Security agencies have yet to release an official update on the rescue of the abducted victims or arrests connected to the attack.
End

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