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ECOWAS Court Gives Judgment on Press Council Inconsistency with Human Rights Law

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ECOWAS Court Gives Judgment on Press Council Inconsistency with Human Rights Law

By: Michael Mike

The ECOWAS Court of Justice has delivered its judgment in a case brought by two Nigerian journalists alleging the Nigerian Press Council Act of 1992 was discriminatory and violated their right to freedom of expression.

In its judgment delivered by Hon Justice Dupe Atoki, Judge Rapporteur, the Court declared that Sections 19 (1)(a), 27 and 37 of the Nigerian Press Council (NPC) Act failed to recognize public interest media including rights of online and citizen journalists thereby violating Article 9 (1) of the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights (ACHPR), and Article 8 (1) and 10 (2) of the Declaration of Principles on Freedom of Expression in Africa.

The Court therefore ordered the government of Nigeria to amend these contested Sections to align with international practices that promote free, pluralistic and professional journalism. It however dismissed other claims which were not substantiated.

The case with suit number ECW/CCJ/APP/31/21 was filed on 14 June 2021 by lawyers representing the Applicants – Mr Isaac Olamikan and Mrs Edoghogho Ugberease – online and citizen journalists who practise journalism for the promotion of freedom of expression, opinion, and access to information.

In the application, they claimed that Sections 19(1)a, 27 and 37 of the Nigeria Press Council Act of 1992 requiring journalists to be at least 18 years and accredited by the NPC, 25 years to be an editor with working experience in reputable media organization or news agency and registered with the Nigeria Union of Journalists, discriminated against them.

The Applicants’ lawyers led by Mr President Aigbokhan argued that these Sections failed to recognise public interest media such as the rights of online and citizen journalists and were therefore discriminatory and violated their right to freedom of expression as guaranteed under Articles 2 and 9(1) of the ACHPR, Article 19 of the Universal Declaration on Human Rights (UDHR), Articles 2, 10 and 19 of the International Convention on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and Article 8 (1) and 10 (2) of the Declaration of Principles on Freedom of Expression in Africa; and breached the State’s obligation under the ECOWAS Treaty among other cited texts.

“For example, Section 37 of the Press Council Act, puts the minimum age to practice journalism as 18 years of age, while to be qualified as an editor, requires a minimum of 25 years of age. Sections 19(a) and 27 of the Act imposes educational qualifications and compulsory courses of attendance and training before a person can be recognized and allowed to practice as a journalist,” the judgment stated.

They also submitted that they were arrested separately at different locations while investigating and gathering information for their work, and that their arrest and detention were unlawful and violated their rights.

The Applicants asked the Court to order the Respondent to amend the contested Sections of the NPC Act to align with international practice and pay 1,000,000 (one million) USD as damages.

On their part, the Respondent’s lawyers Mrs Maimuna Lami Shiru and Mrs B.J. Oladipo told the Court that ‘journalism is a sensitive profession requiring mastery as well as regulation to prevent negative effect, adding that rights to information and freedom of expression are not absolute.’

The Respondent denied arresting and detaining the Applicants unlawfully, stating that the first Applicant was arrested because his action had national security implications while the second Applicant operated illegally.

They added that, in the same way as other professional bodies, there were criteria for registration and membership as journalists, and urged the Court to dismiss the case describing it as frivolous, baseless and an abuse of court process.
In its analysis, the Court determined if the matter was within its mandate, if it was admissible and if the Sections of the NPC Act were discriminatory and violated the right to freedom of expression of the Applicants. Relying on its rules of procedure and jurisprudence, the Court held the matter was within its jurisdiction and the case was admissible.

On the alleged violation of Article 2 of ACHPR the Court noted that the Applicants did not substantiate on how they were treated differently in an identical or similar situation. Consequently, it held that their rights to freedom from discrimination under Article 2 of ACHPR has not been violated.

While on the alleged violation of Article 9 (freedom of expression), the Court noted that Section 19(1) and Section 27 of the Press Act imposing minimum educational requirement, age limit and registration, were restrictive and interfered with the right to freedom of expression, and therefore violated Article 9 (2).

In reaching its decision, the Court also noted the impact of technology in the evolving media space with the advent of citizen journalists, influencers and content creators who share news, commentary, and analysis on social issues. Though not qualified in traditional sense, they contributed to shaping public opinion.

It drew inspiration from young activists notably Malala Yousafzai and Greta Thunberg who in their teens integrated online media in their advocacy and have attained world recognition through a free and unrestricted opportunity to gather information and express opinion.

Regarding the Applicants’ claim of unlawful arrest and detention, the Court noted that the Applicants did not prove their arrest was unlawful. Consequently, the Court dismissed their claims of unlawful arrest and request for compensation.

Both parties were ordered to bear their costs of litigation.

Also on the bench were Hon Justices Edward Amoako Asante (presiding) and Sengu M. Koroma (Member).

ECOWAS Court Gives Judgment on Press Council Inconsistency with Human Rights Law

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Military airstrikes eliminate scores of ISWAP terrorists in Borno operations

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Military airstrikes eliminate scores of ISWAP terrorists in Borno operations

By: Zagazola Makama

Precision air interdiction missions conducted by the Nigerian Air Force component of Operation HADIN KAI have eliminated scores of ISWAP terrorists in separate coordinated strikes at Kangarwa and Ali Jilamari areas of the Northern Tumbuns in Borno State.

Military sources told Zagazola Makama that the operations were executed on April 1, following credible intelligence and confirmatory Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (ISR) missions.

The source said the first strike was carried out at about 12:05 p.m. on ISWAP enclaves in Kangarwa, a known terrorist stronghold, after ISR conducted on March 27 confirmed mass movement of fighters within the location.

According to him, airborne surveillance identified multiple terrorists operating around and inside structures within the enclave before precision munitions were delivered in successive attack passes.

He said the targeted structures were completely destroyed, with scores terrorists neutralised in the strike, while others scampered for safety in different direction.

In a separate operation at about 4:45 p.m. the same day, the air component conducted another interdiction mission at Ali Jilamari, described as a newly established terrorist hideout in the Northern Tumbuns.

The source said the mission followed credible human intelligence and ISR confirmation, which revealed active terrorist logistics hubs and structures within the area.

He added that the air platforms engaged the targets with precision strikes, destroying identified structures and logistics hubs while eliminating additional terrorists.

The source described the operations as part of sustained air offensives aimed at degrading terrorist capabilities and denying them freedom of movement in the Lake Chad Basin.

Military airstrikes eliminate scores of ISWAP terrorists in Borno operations

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VeryBlackDarkMan denies inciting violence in plateau, gives detailed defence of viral comments

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VeryBlackDarkMan denies inciting violence in plateau, gives detailed defence of viral comments

By: Zagazola Makama

Popular social media personality, Martins Vincent Otse, also known as VeryBlackDarkMan, has issued a detailed response to allegations that he incited violence during the recent unrest in Plateau, insisting that his remarks were taken out of context and misrepresented.

The controversy followed a viral video in which Otse, reacting to the March 29 attack in Angwan Rukuba, made statements that critics interpreted as a call to violence.

Otse urged residents not to rely on government intervention, saying: “If you keep quiet and wait for the government… it won’t be the first time, it won’t be the second time… when does this stop? You promise us security, but nobody is secure!”

The content creator also appeared to call for a shift from passive reactions to active confrontation, stating: “No be only Boko Haram sabi kill, no be only bandit sabi kill. All of us fit kill… all of us na Killers, until you ready. No ever to say you no get the mind. You fit kill person. You can kill people. And for these people oh my God.

He added: “Please protect yourselves and don’t wait for the government.”

He further called on the “To the people of Rukuba Enough is Enough, Enough is Enough. Anybody wey you see wey cross your part, KILL AM

However, few hour’s after his emotional outbursts violence quickly began to spread in the Northern part of Plateau. The same night, some youths of Rukuba went on rampage and began targeted killings especially in the Muslim communities.

The remarks triggered widespread backlash, with some commentators accusing him of encouraging reprisals and fuelling religious tension.

However, in a follow-up video, Otse strongly refuted the allegations, maintaining that he never called for violence against any religious group. “Where did I ever say Christians should kill Muslims? When? Show me where I said that,” he said, visibly angered by the accusations.

Providing context to his earlier comments, Otse explained that his reaction was shaped by the traumatic experience of witnessing the aftermath of the killings in Jos.

“I was standing in the middle of dead bodies. Pregnant women, fathers, mothers, children… over 20 people lying there. This is not the first time I have seen something like that. What do you expect me to say in that moment?” he said.

According to him, his statements were an emotional outburst driven by frustration over repeated violence and what he described as inadequate response by authorities.

“The government is not doing anything. People are being killed again and again. So what do you want me to say?” he asked.

Otse clarified that his intention was to urge communities to be vigilant and protect themselves, not to attack others.

“I only said people should protect themselves. I said if you see suspicious movement, defend yourself. That is not the same as telling people to kill others,” he said.

He argued that his words were deliberately twisted to create a false narrative portraying him as promoting religious violence.

“This narrative that VeryDarkMan told Christians to kill Muslims is false. Completely false. People are taking my words out of context and trying to push an agenda,” he said.

The influencer also rejected attempts to frame him as biased against Muslims, noting that he has consistently spoken about violence affecting all Nigerians regardless of religion.

“You can’t say it is only Christians that are dying. Muslims are dying too. People are dying everywhere in this country,” he said.

He cited past incidents in the North-East, including attacks in Borno, to support his argument that insecurity cuts across religious and regional lines.

“Where were these people when bombs exploded in Borno? Monday Market, Post Office junction… people died. Did they speak then?” he queried.

Otse said he had personally visited affected areas, including Borno, to raise awareness and support victims, adding that his advocacy has never been selective.

“I have gone to Borno. I have gone to places where disasters happened, even floods. I have used my platform to raise awareness and help people. This is not about religion for me,” he said.

He further criticised what he described as selective outrage by some social media users and commentators.

“Some people are now acting like they care more about Muslims or Christians, but where were they when others were suffering? Show me what you have done,” he said.

Addressing the broader issue, Otse warned against the growing trend of framing security challenges along religious lines, stressing that such narratives are dangerous.

“Say no to religious war. This is not about Christianity or Islam. This is about Nigerians being killed,” he said.

He emphasised that he does not align himself with any religious divide, insisting that his position has always been neutral.

“I am not speaking for Christians or Muslims. I am speaking for people. I don’t care about religion when it comes to human lives,” he added.

Otse also highlighted what he described as a lack of awareness about the scale of violence in northern Nigeria, attributing it partly to limited social media visibility.

“A lot of people don’t even know what is happening in the North. They don’t see it, so they think it is one-sided. But the reality is different,” he said.

He urged Nigerians to avoid generalisations and stereotyping, warning that such tendencies contribute to division and misunderstanding.

The influencer reiterated his call for unity and collective action against insecurity, rather than blame and division.

“We need peace in Jos. We need peace everywhere. People should stop pushing narratives that will divide us further,” he said.

The incident illustrated the powerful role of social media in shaping public discourse during crises, as well as the risks associated with emotionally charged messaging.

While Otse’s initial comments reflected widespread frustration, the backlash point to the need for caution and clarity in public communication, especially in fragile security environments.

VeryBlackDarkMan denies inciting violence in plateau, gives detailed defence of viral comments

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Troops neutralise eight terrorists in failed ambush operation in Borno

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Troops neutralise eight terrorists in failed ambush operation in Borno

By: Zagazola Makama

Troops of 21 Special Armoured Brigade (21 SAB), in collaboration with Civilian Joint Task Force (CJTF) and hybrid forces, have neutralised eight suspected terrorists during an ambush operation in Bama Local Government Area of Borno.

A military source told Zagazola Makama that the operation was carried out at about 2:06 a.m. on April 1 around the Gadangari axis, behind Government Girls Secondary School (GGSS), Bama.

The source said the troops conducted a planned ambush targeting suspected Boko Haram terrorists and their logistics collaborators operating around the area.

“While lying in wait, the troops intercepted terrorists’ collaborators and logistics suppliers moving towards Yale axis,” the source said.

He added that the troops engaged the targets in a brief exchange of fire, resulting in the neutralisation of eight terrorists, while others escaped with possible gunshot wounds.

The source further noted that follow-up operations were ongoing to track fleeing elements and dismantle their logistics networks in the area.

He assured that the situation remained under control, with troops maintaining aggressive posture in the general area.

Troops neutralise eight terrorists in failed ambush operation in Borno

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