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2021 FORUM ON CHINA AFRICA COOPERATION (FOCAC): BUILDING THE PHILOSOPHY OF A SHARED FUTURE FOR HUMANITY
2021 FORUM ON CHINA AFRICA COOPERATION (FOCAC): BUILDING THE PHILOSOPHY OF A SHARED FUTURE FOR HUMANITY
By Oboshi Agyeno (PhD)
Institute for peace and Conflict Resolution, Abuja
In a few days to come, particularly on the 29th and 30th November 2021, Senegal will be in the league of other African countries like Ethiopia and South Africa to host the all-important Forum on China Africa Cooperation (FOCAC). The FOCAC is a high level tri-annual indaba of China and African countries with diplomatic relations with the People’s Republic of China (PRC). All the countries in Africa except for Eswatini that has no diplomatic relations with the PRC, gather every three years to participate in discussions on how to design, consolidate and inject new energy on the way forward for a collective development of China and Africa. Since its conception and inception in 2000 and 2003 and the official launch of FOCAC in the year 2006, the Forum is traditionally hosted either in China or any African country interchangeably. This year, Senegal will host the 8th edition of FOCAC with the theme to ‘Deepen China Africa Partnership and Promote Sustainable Development to Build a China Africa Community with a Shared Future in the New Era’.
The FOCAC was primarily a strategy put forward by China to engage with Africa. This relationship has since grown in leaps and bounds. In 2006, China’s financial commitment to Africa was $5 billion and by 2015 and 2018, such commitment rose to $60 billion. In between this development cooperation, China Africa partnership has progressed from resource trade to infrastructure development of monumental proportion, and shifted into a more focused political and strategic cooperation. In recent times, analysts, think tanks and scholars from Africa have continued to promote and influence the government of Africa to show more innovation, commitment and interest in China Africa cooperation due to the benefit that has come to be evident in such relationships.
The FOCAC has enjoyed tremendous good will and partnership in various facets of investment, trade, health, infrastructure, food security, climate change and other areas of human development. This edition will follow the same pattern with previous FOCAC, but will be unique in many aspects. The 2021 FOCAC is the first summit since the Covid-19 pandemic crippled economic activities and businesses on a global scale, destroying livelihoods and threatening multilateralism as we know it. It is also the first FOCAC that just proceeded the 100 years anniversary of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and 50 years of Diplomatic Relations between China and Africa, reviewing the joint China Africa response to Covid19, and for the first time expected to reel out a ‘China Africa comprehensive strategic and cooperative partnership’ specifically for the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) in Africa.
There is no doubt that the history of the FOCAC and its derivatives has been a blessing for both China and Africa. This is especially true in the areas of infrastructure development, business opportunities, national and regional security cooperation, cultural diplomacy and people to people exchanges. Indeed, China Africa cooperation has transformed the physical infrastructural environment of both China and Africa, and has proven based on the many hardware projects across Africa that this partnership is unprecedented. It is however pertinent for this year’s FOCAC in Senegal to ensure what Hannah Ryder* refers to as ‘a more organized and collective approach to engagement on the part of African leaders at this year’s FOCAC’. There is a need for African and Chinese leadership, think tanks and scholars to inject some novelty in building a philosophical, cultural and ideological component of China Africa cooperation. In order to improve the quality and efficiency of the FOCAC in general, the 8th edition of the Forum must endeavour to create a hybrid dimension to China Africa cooperation that can activate an innovative path to sustainable development based on a software approach to cooperation and development.
Senegal is one of the ideological, theoretical and cultural hubs of Africa. To project a philosophical angle to the aspirations for building livelihoods and shared humanity that China Africa relations have come to represent, shall be remarkable in this FOCAC. China Africa cooperation has spanned politics, economy, health, technology, etc. The 2021 FOCAC provides the prospect to pay closer attention on building the mind-set, attitude, philosophy and ideological direction for China and Africa towards a better future of communities, opportunities and humanity. The FOCAC should be a platform to build the significance of character traits like diligence, hard work, respect for culture and tradition, patriotism, knowledge, communal sense of purpose, prudence, the synergy between man and nature and cooperation as enablers for development. If embedded in African culture and traditions are qualities that can point the people towards sustainable development using their traditional alternatives, then FOCAC should concentrate on building those qualities. There are different paths to development than a single prescription and the Chinese experience has proven that.
As the saying goes, Africa is the next frontier of development and this aspiration is very likely to be achieved through China Africa cooperation. It is expected that the 2021 FOCAC will address Africa’s place within the BRI, which is potentially the most audacious economic blueprint of global connectivity in trade, investment and pragmatic access to financing for development. One of the ways Africa could benefit from this initiative is to imbibe the values and inculcate the principles of putting the people at the centre of development, promoting togetherness and projecting our unique socialist nature embedded in African and Asian oriental civilization. China and Africa have so much in common and the sooner a deliberate effort is applied to zoom our shared values into the international frontline, the better for humanity. This can be done by injecting our unique value in the domestic and foreign policy of both China and Africa.
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This year’s FOCAC provides the platform for Africa and China to reiterate their belief in a multilateral system which President Xi Jinping of China says ‘falls upon us to follow the trend of history, and choose cooperation over confrontation, openness over seclusion, and mutual benefit over zero sum games*. While contemporary issues like the green economy and climate change, technology transfer, peace and security and post Covid-19 recovery will dominate discussions at this year’s FOCAC, there is also the need to present the philosophical energy that can consolidate on the successes recorded in China Africa cooperation over the years. This could involve understanding and deploying those software features that have enabled China’s peaceful rise, inclusive growth and development in politics, economy and technology. Understanding the principles of Chinese development could be used to unlock the ingenuity of Africans from within, prioritize citizen’s interest in collective development and position Africa’s quest to inclusive and sustainable development as a process rather than a narrative or a big bang theory.
Philosophical vocabulary and direction is important to China Africa cooperation because it will give substance to the framework, content and nature of the overall partnership between both climes. It is therefore instructive that on the side-lines of this year’s FOCAC summit and subsequent meetings in the future, there should be podiums that promote cultural education of Africa and Asian oriental civilization in leadership, governance, relationships, values and development. The number of Chinese cultural institutes in Africa is growing and Africa should take advantage of such presence to collaborate in the areas of language and other exchanges that could promote intellectual understanding of China Africa cooperation, upgrade China Africa oriental civilization, engender new models and paths to development, and ensure a holistic development that is en-sync with the culture, tradition, emotion, beliefs and orientation of the people.
Long live China Africa cooperation.
2021 FORUM ON CHINA AFRICA COOPERATION (FOCAC): BUILDING THE PHILOSOPHY OF A SHARED FUTURE FOR HUMANITY
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WHEN TERRORISTS MOCK THE STATE
WHEN TERRORISTS MOCK THE STATE
By Sa’adiyyah Adebisi Hassan
A retired Major General is kidnapped and dies in captivity. Soldiers are ambushed and killed in Kaduna. Troops are attacked in Borno. Farmers are slaughtered in Zamfara. Villages continue to live under the shadow of fear. Families sell their property to pay ransom. Children grow up knowing the sound of gunfire better than the sound of peace. Yet the Nigerian state continues to behave as though these are isolated incidents instead of symptoms of a national security emergency.
At what point do we stop pretending?
At what point do we stop calling this “security challenges” and start admitting that armed criminal groups have become bold enough to openly challenge the authority of the Nigerian state?
Because that is exactly what is happening.
The death of Major General Abubakar Rabe in captivity should have shaken every office in Abuja. This was not an ordinary citizen hidden away in a remote village. This was a retired General, a man who spent years serving the nation. If criminals can abduct and hold a retired General until he dies in captivity, what message does that send to the ordinary teacher, farmer, trader, student, doctor or civil servant?
The message is simple and frightening: nobody feels untouchable anymore.
And that is why public frustration is boiling over.
The most dangerous thing happening in Nigeria is not just that terrorists and bandits are killing people. The most dangerous thing is that they increasingly appear unafraid of the consequences. Fear is supposed to flow in one direction, from criminals toward the state. In Nigeria, that equation appears dangerously reversed. Citizens fear criminals. Criminals seem less fearful of the state.
That should terrify every serious leader.
And then there is another question that many Nigerians are asking, even if officials do not like hearing it.
How can violent criminal networks continue to communicate, negotiate ransoms, circulate videos, move money and maintain support structures without creating intelligence opportunities?
✅Modern criminality leaves footprints.
✅Phones leave footprints.
✅SIM cards leave footprints.
✅Financial transactions leave footprints.
✅Internet activity leaves footprints.
✅Movement leaves footprints.
✅Communication leaves footprints.
✅Nothing simply appears from thin air.
Which is why many Nigerians become angry when they see stories of suspected bandits or criminal sympathizers flaunting wealth online, building audiences, distributing money or creating influence networks while communities they helped terrorize are burying their dead.
Every person is entitled to due process and evidence matters. But any serious country would investigate suspicious financial ecosystems around violent criminal networks aggressively and relentlessly.
Because terrorism is not sustained by bullets alone.
✅It is sustained by money.
✅It is sustained by logistics.
✅It is sustained by information.
✅It is sustained by collaborators.
✅It is sustained by people willing to normalize evil because there is money attached to it.
✅No terrorist organization survives in complete isolation.
✅Someone supplies information.
✅Someone moves money.
✅Someone facilitates communication.
✅Someone benefits.
That is why successful counterterrorism operations across the world do not focus only on gunmen in forests. They focus on the entire ecosystem that keeps the violence alive.
Nigeria’s problem is that it often appears to be chasing the symptoms while the disease continues growing.
A kidnapping gang should not only be viewed as armed men carrying rifles.
It should be viewed as a network.
A terror cell should not only be viewed as fighters.
It should be viewed as financiers, recruiters, propagandists, informants, transporters, suppliers and digital facilitators.
Destroy the network and the gunmen become isolated.
Ignore the network and new gunmen appear.
That is the lesson serious countries learned long ago.
The second lesson is even more important: intelligence wins wars before soldiers do.
A nation of over two hundred million people should not be relying primarily on reaction. It should be relying on anticipation.
The future of security is intelligence fusion.
✅Telecom intelligence.
✅Financial intelligence.
✅Cyber intelligence.
✅Human intelligence.
✅Border intelligence.
✅Geospatial intelligence.
All operating from one integrated national threat platform.
Not twenty agencies protecting twenty databases while criminals exploit the gaps.
The truth is that Nigeria does not have a shortage of brave soldiers. It does not have a shortage of brave police officers. It does not have a shortage of brave intelligence personnel.
What it appears to suffer from is a shortage of speed, integration, accountability and coordination.
And criminals thrive inside those gaps.
That is why every major attack must trigger a hard question: what information existed before the attack, who had it, what was done with it and why did prevention fail?
Those questions are not anti-government.
Those questions are pro-accountability.
Because the purpose of security is not explaining attacks after they happen.
The purpose of security is preventing them from happening in the first place.
The greatest tragedy in all of this is that Nigerians are gradually becoming emotionally exhausted. Every day brings another headline. Another abduction. Another ambush. Another funeral. Another community attacked. Another family destroyed.
No country should normalize that.
No society should accept that.
No government should become comfortable with that.
The death of Major General Abubakar Rabe, the killing of soldiers, the slaughter of farmers and the endless stream of kidnappings are not separate stories. They are warnings. Warnings that criminals are testing the limits of state authority every single day.
The question now is whether the state intends to reclaim that authority decisively, intelligently and relentlessly or continue issuing statements while citizens continue counting the dead.
Because a nation is not judged by the speeches of its leaders.
It is judged by whether its people can live without fear.
And right now, too many Nigerians are afraid.
WHEN TERRORISTS MOCK THE STATE
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Gov Mbah Lauds DSS, Army, Others as He Inspects Arms Cache Seized From ESN Terrorists
Gov Mbah Lauds DSS, Army, Others as He Inspects Arms Cache Seized From ESN Terrorists
*Thanks President Tinubu for Supporting States To Fight Insecurity
By: Michael Mike
Governor Peter Mbah of Enugu State on Friday commended the Department of State Services (DSS), the Nigerian Army, and the Nigeria Police for their commitment to securing Nigeria and the Southeast geopolitical zone in particular.
The Governor gave the commendation shortly after visiting the State’s DSS headquarters where he inspected a cache of arms and ammunition recovered on Tuesday from commanders of the outlawed Eastern Security Network (ESN) in the State.
During the raid on ESN armoury, DSS operatives, backed by troops of the 82 Division of the Nigerian Army, recovered a large cache of high-calibre arms and ammunition.
Governor Mbah inspected some of the recovered weapons, including
a rocket launcher, two RPG (rocket propelled grenades) warheads, three RPG chargers, 11 AK-47 rifles, and over 610 rounds of NATO 7.62×39 mm ammunition, and National Youth Service Corps (NYSC) uniforms and lanyards.
Accompanied by the Division’s Garrison Commander, Brig. Gen Abubakar Suru, State Commissioner of Police, Bitrus Giwa, and other government officials, Mbah praised the hard work and collaboration among security agencies in the country.
According to the governor, but for the diligence and intelligence of the DSS and sister security agencies, , the recovered arms and ammunition would have been used by the ESN terrorists to wreck havoc across the South and paint a false picture that insecurity has taken over Nigeria.
Governor Mbah called on Nigerians to, irrespective of their political and religious affiliations, support efforts by President Bola Tinubu to tackle insecurity.
He thanked President Tinubu for supporting states to tackle insecurity, saying the President’s effort is the reason for the successes being recorded by security agencies across the states.
Security sources disclosed that the raid on the ESN armoury came on the heels of intelligence gathered from some arrested ESN members, that the terrorist organization was planning to unleash terror on Enugu and other Southeast States, and create panic and the false impression that bandits have invaded the region.
The Enugu recovery came two days before the Federal High Court in Abuja sentenced five members of a band of notorious bandits each to 25 years in prison for assisting the gunmen who, on November 21, 2025, attacked and abducted students and staff of St. Mary’s Catholic School in Papiri, Niger State.
The five convicts were arrested by DSS operatives in separate operations last week.
Gov Mbah Lauds DSS, Army, Others as He Inspects Arms Cache Seized From ESN Terrorists
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Army Distributes Fertiliser to Farmers in Jigawa Under Civil-Military Cooperation Programme
Army Distributes Fertiliser to Farmers in Jigawa Under Civil-Military Cooperation Programme
By: Zagazola Makama
The Nigerian Army has distributed 40 bags of fertiliser to selected farmers in Jigawa State as part of its Civil-Military Cooperation (CIMIC) activities aimed at supporting local communities and enhancing agricultural productivity.
Security sources reliably informed that the distribution exercise was carried out on Thursday at Dahuwa Primary School in Chamo District of Dutse Local Government Area.
According to the sources, the Commander of the 26 Armoured Brigade, Brig.-Gen. O.I. Odigie, represented the Chief of Army Staff (COAS) during the event.
The fertiliser was distributed to selected farmers drawn from communities within the brigade’s area of responsibility as part of efforts to strengthen relations between the military and host communities while supporting food production.
The sources said the initiative forms part of the Nigerian Army’s broader commitment to community development and socio-economic support programmes across the country.
The event was conducted peacefully and without any security incident.
Army Distributes Fertiliser to Farmers in Jigawa Under Civil-Military Cooperation Programme
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