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Cuba advances home-grown cancer drug as 2C12 enters human trials

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Cuba advances home-grown cancer drug as 2C12 enters human trials

…Experimental immunotherapy modelled on PD-1 treatment to be tested in advanced melanoma patients

By: Michael Mike

Cuban scientists have reached a potentially significant milestone in the country’s long-running effort to develop home-grown cancer treatments, with an experimental drug known as 2C12 ready to enter clinical testing in patients suffering from advanced melanoma.

The candidate was developed by researchers at Cuba’s Center for Molecular Immunology (CIM) and is designed around an approach similar to that used by pembrolizumab, an established immune-checkpoint therapy used internationally against several cancers, including unresectable or metastatic melanoma.

The development is attracting attention because 2C12 is moving beyond laboratory research towards testing in human beings — the stage at which its safety, tolerability and potential therapeutic benefit must be established before any claim can be made about its effectiveness.

According to information released by the CIM and subsequently reported by Cuban and international media, the initial clinical study will target patients with advanced melanoma that cannot be removed surgically or has spread to other parts of the body. The study will involve specialist oncology centres in Havana and Villa Clara.

The participating institutions include Cuba’s National Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology and Hermanos Ameijeiras Clinical Surgical Hospital in Havana, as well as the Dr Celestino Hernández Robau Territorial University Oncology Hospital in Villa Clara.

The significance of the Cuban project extends beyond the development of another cancer medicine.

Cancer treatment has become an increasingly sophisticated but expensive field, with access to modern therapies varying sharply between countries. The World Health Organisation (WHO) said cancer caused nearly 10 million deaths worldwide in 2024, making it one of the leading causes of death globally. It also warns of major inequalities in access to cancer prevention, diagnosis and treatment between countries and income groups.

For Cuba, the challenge has an additional dimension. The country said difficulties obtaining some imported medicines, together with the high international cost of oncology products, have strengthened the case for developing domestic alternatives.

That backdrop has made biotechnology and pharmaceutical self-reliance a strategic priority for Cuban scientists.

The CIM has consequently positioned 2C12 as a potential locally produced alternative to expensive imported immunotherapy. But the scientific test is now much tougher: the molecule must demonstrate in clinical trials that it is safe and actually benefits patients.

Pembrolizumab, the drug to which 2C12 has been compared, belongs to a class of medicines known as PD-1 inhibitors.

PD-1 is a receptor involved in regulating the immune system. Tumours can exploit this pathway to suppress immune responses, effectively helping cancer cells evade attack. Blocking the PD-1 pathway can restore part of the immune system’s ability to recognise and fight malignant cells.

The US Food and Drug Administration currently lists pembrolizumab as a PD-1-blocking antibody indicated for patients with unresectable or metastatic melanoma, among other cancers.

That makes the Cuban approach scientifically significant, but the similarity does not mean 2C12 has already been shown to work as well as pembrolizumab.

The Cuban molecule remains an investigational candidate. Its performance will have to be established through properly conducted clinical research.

Melanoma develops from melanocytes, the cells responsible for producing the pigment melanin. Although melanoma accounts for only a small proportion of skin cancers, it can be particularly aggressive and can spread to distant organs when diagnosis and treatment are delayed.

The FDA described unresectable or metastatic melanoma as an aggressive disease that can be fatal and notes that modern treatment can include PD-1 immunotherapy and targeted treatment for patients whose tumours carry particular BRAF mutations.

The treatment landscape is also continuing to evolve. In August 2026, the FDA granted accelerated approval to another therapy, the genetically modified oncolytic virus vusolimogene oderparepvec, in combination with nivolumab for certain patients with advanced melanoma whose disease has progressed after PD-1-based treatment.

The developments underline the intensity of the global race to find more effective options for patients whose cancers stop responding to existing therapies.

For Cuban researchers, 2C12 could eventually represent an important achievement in pharmaceutical independence. For patients, however, the immediate significance should be viewed with measured optimism.

The drug has not been established as a cure for cancer, nor has it yet been demonstrated to be equivalent to pembrolizumab.

Researchers will need to determine how well patients tolerate the treatment, what adverse effects occur, whether the drug produces measurable tumour responses and how durable any responses may be. Larger and more rigorous studies would then be needed to establish its effectiveness and place in cancer treatment.

That distinction is crucial because promising laboratory candidates frequently fail to become successful medicines once tested in humans.

The Cuban development also carries a broader message for countries, including Nigeria, that continue to rely heavily on imported medicines and medical technologies.

Developing a cancer drug requires far more than discovering a molecule. It demands scientific expertise, biotechnology infrastructure, clinical research capacity, regulatory oversight, pharmaceutical manufacturing and sustained financing.

Nigeria has a large and growing cancer burden, while access to sophisticated oncology services remains uneven. The WHO has emphasised that major disparities persist globally in access to cancer care, particularly across countries with different levels of health-system resources.

Cuba’s 2C12 project therefore offers an example of how investment in domestic scientific capacity can potentially be translated into locally developed medical products.

For now, 2C12 is best understood as a Cuban cancer-treatment candidate entering an important clinical-testing phase — not a proven cure.

If the trials establish that it is safe, effective and capable of producing meaningful benefits for patients, the development could mark a major step in Cuba’s biotechnology programme and potentially add another weapon to the global fight against advanced cancer.

For millions of cancer patients watching the worldwide search for more affordable and effective treatments, that is a development worth following closely.

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ITF, NECA Train 30 Entrepreneurs to Turn Business Stories into Economic Value

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ITF, NECA Train 30 Entrepreneurs to Turn Business Stories into Economic Value

…Eight-week programme targets weak business positioning, funding challenges

By: Michael Mike

The Industrial Training Fund (ITF) and the Nigeria Employers’ Consultative Association (NECA) have trained 30 entrepreneurs to overcome one of the major obstacles to business growth— the inability to communicate their value, attract customers and position their ventures for funding.

The intervention, delivered through an eight-week skills and storytelling programme, was designed to help business owners move beyond possessing technical or creative abilities to effectively presenting their products, services and economic contributions.

At the graduation ceremony in Abuja, the Executive Director of M-Search Creative Hub and M-Search Media, Zainab Salami, said the programme was conceived after the organisers identified storytelling and business positioning as persistent challenges among entrepreneurs.

She said many business owners had viable products and services but struggled to explain their value to customers, clients and potential investors, limiting their ability to grow and secure funding.

“When we were picking the participants, we wanted to make sure that we picked business owners. And we know that one issue they had was telling their stories and positioning themselves for customers, for clients and also for funding,” Salami said.

She explained that the training was intended to equip participants with practical tools to articulate their business journeys, demonstrate their impact and communicate the value they create for the economy.

“We wanted to make sure that they were able to position themselves, also talk about their value, talk about how they are also creating impact for the economy and make sure that they are able to tell their stories and become better storytellers that can improve Nigerian economic value basically,” she said.

The programme’s focus on storytelling reflects a growing recognition that business survival depends not only on the quality of a product or service but also on the ability of entrepreneurs to make their ventures visible, credible and attractive to the market.

Salami disclosed that the training featured mentors from Nigeria, the United Kingdom and South Africa, who provided practical frameworks on storytelling and business development.

She added that finance experts, including PhD holders in the field, also helped participants understand how businesses could combine profitability with value creation and economic impact.

“We had mentors across board. We had mentors from United Kingdom, we had from South Africa that were experts in storytelling and they were able to give them practical frameworks for them to be able to properly articulate what they were doing, their businesses,” she said.

Salami further explained that the financial component was designed to help participants appreciate the relationship between sustainable business growth, profit and wider economic contributions.

“We even had people from finance, PhD holders from finance that they were able to let them understand how your business can create impact, make profits and also provide value,” she added.

According to her, the organisers received 100 applications but selected only 30 participants to preserve the specialised nature of the programme and ensure that beneficiaries received adequate attention and practical guidance.

“We had 100 people, we had 100 applications but because we wanted to make it niche, we picked 30 participants for this cohort,” Salami said.

Representing the ITF-NECA Technical Skills Development Programme (TSDP), the Training Manager, ITF Modern Skills Training Centre, Abuja, Hayatu Abubakar Tamgol, said the initiative formed part of efforts to build a pool of skilled Nigerians capable of contributing meaningfully to the economy.

Tamgol said the ITF’s mandate was to encourage skills acquisition within Nigeria’s industrial and commercial sectors and develop indigenous manpower capable of meeting the changing needs of the economy.

“The Industrial Training Fund is a human resource development organisation that is empowered to encourage the acquisition of skills within the nation’s industry and commerce with a view to generate a pool of indigenous manpower sufficient to meet the needs of the economy,” he said.

He added that the organisation was committed to developing the competencies and capabilities of Nigerians to ensure that the country had sufficient skilled manpower to manage its economy.

“And in order to do that, the ITF needs to develop competencies and capabilities of Nigerians so as to have an adequate pool of Nigerians that are capable to manage the nation’s economy,” Tamgol said.

The ITF official said the organisation’s participation in the programme was aimed at ensuring that the skills acquired by youths and entrepreneurs could translate into employment, self-reliance and economic development.

Expressing satisfaction with the outcome of the training, Tamgol said the participants had demonstrated that the programme achieved its learning objectives.

“I’m coming in at the graduation time, and from what I have seen, and from the success stories that these trainees were able to share, I’m very satisfied that learning has taken place here,” he said.

He said both the ITF and NECA were satisfied with the results recorded during the programme, adding that skills development remained essential to tackling youth unemployment and promoting self-employment.

Tamgol also disclosed that the ITF, under the leadership of its Director-General, was implementing its flagship Skills of Artisans programme, which provides Nigerians across the country with opportunities to acquire practical skills.

He said the initiative was designed to enable beneficiaries to become self-employed, earn a livelihood and contribute to a stronger economy.

“The ITF presently, under the leadership of our Director General, is implementing her flagship programme, which is the Skills of Artisans programme. And this programme is giving Nigerians the opportunity, all over the country, for them to acquire skills, so as to be able to be self-employed, for them to be able to take care of themselves, so that Nigeria will be better off,” he said.

For one of the beneficiaries, the training offered a new understanding of the importance of deliberately communicating her personal and business journey.

She said the programme taught her that entrepreneurs risk losing control of their narratives when they fail to explain their experiences, vision and value effectively.

“Because one of the things we learn in class is, if you don’t tell your story, somebody will tell it for you and they will tell it wrongly,” she said.

The participant added that technical or creative ability alone was insufficient if customers, partners and investors remained unaware of the person behind the work or the value being created.

“One thing that I’ve learned is that no matter how good you are as a creative, if nobody knows you, it’s like a waste,” she said.

She said the training had equipped her to communicate her work more effectively, explain her vision and position her creative enterprise for greater visibility.

“For me now, learning the story now, I’m not just being a creative, I’m able to let people know what I do and my vision as a whole,” she added.

ITF, NECA Train 30 Entrepreneurs to Turn Business Stories into Economic Value

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Airstrikes destroy terrorist logistics hubs, neutralise 18 in Tumbunma Baba

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Airstrikes destroy terrorist logistics hubs, neutralise 18 in Tumbunma Baba

By Zagazola Makama

Nigerian military aircraft under Operation Hadin Kai have destroyed several terrorist structures and logistics hubs, neutralising about 18 terrorists in an air interdiction operation at Tumbunma Baba in the Tumbuns general area.

The operation, conducted at about 6:05 a.m. on Sept. 11, followed intelligence reports of a high-profile terrorist meeting taking place on the islands.

According to military sources, the formation, conducted the air interdiction after confirmatory intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR) missions on Sept. 9 identified several terrorist structures and logistics hubs in the area.

The aircraft reportedly acquired and engaged the identified targets with onboard munitions, resulting in the destruction of several structures and logistics facilities.

The strikes also neutralised approximately 18 terrorists believed to be operating from the enclave.

Military sources assessed the operation as having achieved an estimated 85 per cent success rate, with further air interdiction recommended to consolidate the gains and disrupt surviving elements in the area.

The operation is part of sustained efforts by the military to degrade terrorist networks, destroy their logistics infrastructure and deny them freedom of movement and coordination within the Tumbuns.

Airstrikes destroy terrorist logistics hubs, neutralise 18 in Tumbunma Baba

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UK-backed programme targets learning crisis in Katsina

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UK-backed programme targets learning crisis in Katsina

…New initiative to strengthen reading, mathematics for IQTE pupils, support over-aged out-of-school children

By: Michael Mike

The United Kingdom-backed Scaling Access and Learning in Education (SCALE) programme has been launched in Katsina State, with a focus on tackling foundational learning gaps among children in Integrated Qur’anic and Tsangaya Education (IQTE) schools and restoring educational opportunities for over-aged out-of-school children.

The initiative, launched at the Katsina State Government House on Thursday, is being implemented by the Education Development Trust (EDT), Teaching at the Right Level Africa (TaRL Africa) and Innovations for Poverty Action (IPA), in partnership with the state government.

The programme comes against the backdrop of prolonged insecurity, displacement and school closures across parts of Northern Nigeria, which have disrupted the education of thousands of children and increased the urgency of flexible and inclusive learning pathways.

In Katsina and Zamfara states, SCALE will support the strengthening of reading and mathematics instruction in IQTE schools, while contributing to a national review of the Accelerated Basic Education Programme (ABEP) curriculum.

According to a statement on Friday by the Senior Communications & Public Diplomacy Officer,

Foreign Commonwealth and Development Office, British High Commission, Atinuke Akande-Alegbe, the enhanced ABEP curriculum is designed to provide accelerated basic education for over-aged out-of-school children, particularly those between 10 and 18 whose schooling has been interrupted by conflict, displacement or other barriers.

The intervention will deploy the Teaching at the Right Level approach, an evidence-based model that groups pupils according to their actual learning abilities rather than their age or class, enabling teachers to provide targeted instruction in foundational reading and mathematics, the statement read.

It noted that the approach builds on promising results from Kaduna State, where it was introduced in IQTE schools with support from the Aminu Musa Abdulsalam Foundation. The programme partners said the Kaduna experience showed that children who had previously lacked structured reading instruction could begin reading simple words and develop greater confidence within months.

Speaking at the launch, Governor Umar Dikko Radda said the state’s education priorities extended beyond school enrolment to ensuring that children actually acquired the skills they needed.

“For us, education is not simply about getting a child into the school. Access is only the beginning, but learning is the ultimate objective,” he said.

Radda said the government was seeking to build an education system capable of continuous improvement rather than relying on isolated projects.

“Where an approach demonstrates value and produces results, we will continue to explore appropriate ways to integrate and sustain such approaches within our educational system,” he added.

The Commissioner for Basic and Secondary Education, Suleiman Usman Jibia, described the launch as a milestone in efforts to expand learning opportunities for emerging and IQTE learners across the state.

He said the government looked forward to building on the results of the pilot phase and working with partners towards a broader, more effective and sustainable implementation of SCALE.

The Head of Development Cooperation at the British High Commission in Abuja, Cynthia Rowe, said the programme reflected a shared commitment to ensuring that children could acquire foundational literacy and numeracy skills regardless of the type of school they attended.

“The launch of SCALE marks an important step in our shared mission to ensure that every child, regardless of the type of school they attend, has the opportunity to build strong foundational literacy and numeracy skills,” she said.

Rowe said the UK was proud to support the Katsina State Government in bringing evidence-based teaching approaches into IQTE schools.

Also speaking, the Senior Education Adviser at the British High Commission, Ian Attfield, said too many children in Northern Nigeria had been denied access to quality education.

“We must all step-up to open flexible, evidence backed pathways to learning, to ensure that no child is left behind,” he said.

SCALE is intended to help governments adapt proven education interventions to local contexts, test their effectiveness and build the capacity required to integrate successful approaches into public education systems.

The programme’s expansion into Katsina and Zamfara marks a broader UK engagement in education in Northern Nigeria, extending support beyond states in the North-East and focusing on system strengthening, inclusion and foundational learning.

For Katsina, the initiative offers an opportunity to address learning deficits in education pathways that serve children who are often excluded from conventional schooling, while strengthening the state’s capacity to sustain effective teaching interventions beyond the life of individual projects.

UK-backed programme targets learning crisis in Katsina

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