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SOUTHERN BORNO STATE WHERE RELIGION AND ETHNICITY TEAR AN OPPRESSED PEOPLE APART.By:A.G.Abubakar
SOUTHERN BORNO STATE WHERE RELIGION AND ETHNICITY TEAR AN OPPRESSED PEOPLE APART.
By:A.G.Abubakar
The Ubuntu which is a Zulu philosophy of unity of purpose doesn’t seem to hold among the ethnic nationalities of Southern Borno. The philosophy is rendered as “Umuntu, Ngumuntu, Ngabuntu” which literally translates as “i am because we are”, or put differently to mean ” a person is a person through other people “. The import of both underscore the importace of unity of purpose among people in forging progress. This spirit of togetherness has but vanished among the people, as they pull in different directions, at a time they needed to turn the socioeconomic and political fortunes of the region around. No thanks, to ethno-religious factors and the inequitable manner succussive state governments treated the zone.
The present version of Borno State was created in 1991 after Yobe was curved out. Before then it was part of the defunct North Eastern State, comprising today’s Adamawa, Bauchi, Taraba, Gombe and Yobe states. The North East State was highly diverse in terms of faiths and ethnicnationalities. Maiduguri, the then state capital was a laid back and accomodating metropolis. Non of the ethnic groups namely; Fulani, Hausa, Bachama, Mumuye, Tera, Mandara, Tangale, Marghi, Bolewa, Babur, Bura Chibok ,etc tried to lord it on each other.
The Kanuri power was diluted. Across the state too Muslims, Christians and the various ethnic groups that made up the state (NE) lived in peace with minimal distrust. People like Minso Gadzama, Azi Nyako, Bello Kirfi, Abubakar Umar, Maina Waziri, Ibrahim Biu, Gujbawu, Yerima Balla, Shehu Awak, etc were collectively united in moving the NE state forward.
A spirit that resonated with Borno state’s current mantra thus becoming the “Home of Peace and Hospitality”; a mantra, now turned on it’s head, so it seems. Three decades down the line Borno State had turned out to be one of the most inequitable in the Nigerian federation. The state as configured in 1991 gave the muslim Kanuri absolute dominance that literally made smaller ethnic groups and the Christian religion punching bags. With a reduced surface area the Kanuri is able to exert absolute political and economic control over the rest with impunity. This, they do through both tacit and overt policies including divide and rule along fault lines such as ethnic, religious differences and cultural affinity.
The overt discriminatory policies started with the late Musa Dagash’s circulars nos.CSC/2/89, Ref: BO/CSC/459/5.2/1 of 17th April 1989 and CSC/3/89, Ref:BO/CSC/459/S.15/5 of 21st April 1989 respectively. The import of the circulars was to place embargo on the recruitment and promotion of Southern Borno indigenes in the the Borno State service. Their crime was that they came from the wrong region, besides they were considered “too many” in the civil service which called for decimation. Dagash then was incharge of the State’s Civil Service Commission.
The discriminatory practice didn’t stop there, as successive governments in the state found it difficult to equitably include Southern Borno people in state nominations for Federal appointments. People from the zone have to struggle on their own or through friends to secure places. Nominations for appointments as ambassadors, Chairmen and/or board memberships are exclusive preserve of the Kanuri.The attrition or the blocking tactics didn’t end with appointive opportunities; this has been extended to religion especially the non Muslim folks. Government’s posture towards the non Muslim community in state has become a source of concern for lovers of the state and her future. Today, the state would find it expidient to train Arabic teachers but not CRK.
Government too could provide state resources in support of mosques/Islamiyya but did so minimally for non Muslim worship centers. And in matters of career progression, non Muslim folks in the state civil service are not having it easy, compared to their Muslim counterparts from the same South. These and many more are sure recipes for instability, given the centrality of religion and ethnic identity in the lives of our people. Unfortunately in their quest for redress the Christian faithfuls tend to elienate the very southern Borno Muslim brothers, they should ordinarily join hands with, through omissions or commissions. First they overlook historical realities. Realities of inter and intra ethnic interactions across Southern Borno and indeed the Kanuri nation. Second, Islamic values have a binding characteristics that shape perception among the faithfuls. They see themselves as one Ummah. Thus it becomes naive to expect equal levels of reaction or despair among the Muslim and Christian groups in Southern Borno regarding the government’s widespread inequalities.
For a fact, Muslims from the South may not be faring any better but the religion and cultural affinity have numbing effect, especially when they stretch far back in history. The relationships among some of the groups predate the 19th century Islam (in action) and Christianity in parts of Borno during the 1920s. Early Churches include the CBM established in Garkida and then Waka in 1927 under the defunct Borno province. was in 1923 and came to Waka in 1927.
It is therefore obvious that the feeling may not be the same in terms of intensity. In specific terms, the Marghi (Damboa), the Mandara, the Babur enclave of Babur-Bura, the Tera, and the Fulani (in their midst) may feel less grudge towards the Kanuri. Not so good a development but that is the reality. Realities that should be born in mind in building a united front in the South in checkmating the powers that be, from the continued exploitation of this fault lines. The reality of Southern Borno is not a black and white issue which calls for contextual appreciation of the challenges. Internal wrangling, name calling and aggression as a strategy can only be counterproductive. Referring to each other as being slaves to the status quo, sycophants, sell outs, ignorant, enemies of progress for not sharing a stand amounts to shooting oneself in the foot. Worse still, the defeatist attempt by some elite Christians to railroad Borno South into the Middle Belt region.
The frustrations may be justified or even palpable, but it’s a defective strategy. For, it will solve one problem especially the Christian faithfuls but constitute a new challenge for their Muslim brothers (the unwilling co-travellers) in the new environment in all its complexities. The way forward is for the christian South to appreciate its relative size which is about 15 to 20 percent of the state population. It can not therefore force its way through.
The faithfuls should engage and educate/ engage the ethnic minority and Muslim brothers to collectively rise against marginalisation and uneven development in Borno State. Building such a consensus however requires being realistic and open, away from wishful thinking and blackmail. The current posture by some to the effect that ” you are either with us or against us” doesn’t help much. Peculiar problems born out of injustice should be presented and treated as such; and brought into sharper focus and context.
The battle requires numbers and a critical mass as such everyone counts.The Muslim and the Christian, the informed and the uninformed, the wise and the foolish, the enlightened and the unenlightened, the educated and the uneducated, all have a place. The reality is, they are not only in the same boat but are facing the same storm! They will have to depend on each other to prevail. Let’s all come clean. agbarewa@gmail.com
SOUTHERN BORNO STATE WHERE RELIGION AND ETHNICITY TEAR AN OPPRESSED PEOPLE APART.
By:A.G.Abubakar
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Troops uncover, neutralise IED along Wawa–Babans axis in Niger state
Troops uncover, neutralise IED along Wawa–Babans axis in Niger state
By: Zagazola Makama
Troops of Operation SAVANNAH SHIELD have uncovered and safely neutralised an improvised explosive device (IED) along the Wawa–Babana road in Borgu Local Government Area of Niger State during an ongoing offensive operation.
Security sources said the operation was conducted at about 10:00 a.m. on March 25 by troops of 22 Brigade Sector 1, Operation Safe Secure Support (OPSS), in conjunction with 221 Battalion.
The sources said the troops were on patrol along the axis to assess a bridge previously damaged by an IED explosion when they encountered the security threat.
According to the sources, the troops quickly created an alternative route to bypass the damaged bridge and continued their movement along the operational axis.
During further advance towards Luma, the troops reportedly discovered another IED planted along the route.
The explosive device was subsequently recovered and safely disposed of by an Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) team, preventing what could have been a major threat to troops and civilians.
Troops uncover, neutralise IED along Wawa–Babans axis in Niger state
News
Troops repel terrorist attack in Kwara, two injured in Oro-Ago incident
Troops repel terrorist attack in Kwara, two injured in Oro-Ago incident
By: Zagazola Makama
Troops of Operation SAVANNAH SHIELD have repelled a terrorist attack on Oro-Ago town in Ifelodun Local Government Area of Kwara State, in a swift response that restored calm to the area.
Security sources said the incident occurred at about 6:55 p.m. on March 25 when troops deployed at the Oro-Ago patrol base, in collaboration with local vigilantes, responded to credible intelligence on the attack.
According to the sources, the combined team engaged the assailants and successfully forced them to withdraw, preventing further destruction in the community.
During the encounter, one vigilante and one civilian sustained gunshot injuries.
The sources said the injured victims were immediately evacuated by troops to the General Hospital, Omu-Aran, for medical attention.
They added that troops have since maintained a strong presence in the area, conducting sustained patrols to prevent any possible regrouping of the attackers and to reassure residents of their safety.
Troops repel terrorist attack in Kwara, two injured in Oro-Ago incident
News
A Bulwark for Borno’s Resilience: A Few Of Zulum’s Security Feats
A Bulwark for Borno’s Resilience: A Few Of Zulum’s Security Feats
By Dauda Iliya
Weighed on the scale of the insecurity ravaging the entity he was entrusted with the responsibility of governing since May 29, 2019, the feats accomplished by Governor Babagana Umara Zulum of Borno State on the restoration of security as sine qua non for the recovery of the state from an appalling terror-orchestrated retrogression, and positioning it on the trajectory of prosperity have been exceptionally weighty.
With countless encomiums showered on the Professor of Agricultural Engineering-turned-governor from all nooks and crannies of the country and the globe over the last seven years of his governorship, even the most unapologetic critics of his administration would attest to this incontrovertible fact.
Prof. Zulum assumed the governorship of the state, smouldering with resilience, the passion to pilot the ship of the state to the shores of recovery and prosperity, and the unshakeable resolve to sustain the tempo of the search for lasting security for his dear, beleaguered state.
As the bulwark of Borno’s Resilience, Zulum has, for the past seven years, been unyielding in his strong commitment to the restoration of security and the recovery of the state. On countless instances, he mortgaged his safety and security as he trotted around the state, ministering to the numerous needs of the terror-traumatized population.
He was personally attacked several times when he was the Commissioner for Reconstruction, Rehabilitation, and Resettlement.

In 2020 alone, Governor Zulum was attacked four times in what seemed a coordinated scheme to frustrate his efforts at relocating over hundred of thousands of internally Displaced Persons (IDP) to their ancestral homes across the local government areas of the state,
most-notably during his visit to the fishing community of Baga in Kukawa LGA, where his convoy was ambushed in the year 2020. He survived the attack that could have frustrated the entire relocation and resettlement programme of the IDPs across the state.
On September 25 2020, the governor’s convoy was again attacked by suspected insurgents on its way to Baga, leaving several persons dead. Less than 48 hours later, on Sunday, September 27, another attack was launched on the governor’s motorcade in Monguno, on its way back to Maiduguri, the State capital, but no casualty was reported.
Governor Zulum was not only unruffled by such attacks but also unrelenting in his travels around the state to deliver services. The more the attacks on his convoy, the more he smouldered with the gusto and commitment to rebuild Borno from the rubble of insurgency and position it on the trajectory of prosperity in the class of its sister states of the federation.
In the face of such attacks, he stood face-to-face with the stark reality that daring all such frustrating challenges was the only way open to him to do his work. There was just no other way. He, therefore, resolved to dare all such challenges. He has, incontrovertibly, been daring the challenges most uncommonly.
Daredevil, absolutely incredibly, and prepared most particularly for sustainable recovery projects and programmes, he was fully aware that his administration had to contribute whatever was necessary, however many resources it could, to restore security.
Security is the duty and responsibility of the federal government, but its state and its people are the ones suffering and dying because of its lack. Therefore, while pleading passionately with the federal government and the military to please not allow the terrorists to retake his state from him, he promptly swung into action, contributing a huge quantum of resources that the security agencies need to fight terror.
He does this, while frontally tackling the massive humanitarian crisis ignited by the terror, simultaneously joining forces with the military to check or, at least, minimize the sudden terror resurgences before they reach an appalling state and rage that might take decades to subdue.
For Zulum and every stakeholder in the security of Nigeria, it would be most scary to witness any mass exodus of displaced communities, sacked once again by the resurgence, back to the already closed Maiduguri metropolis IDP camps, which were the most nauseating features of the 2014-2024 insurgency-precipitated humanitarian crisis.

In response to the series of resurging attacks, most scarily between the end of April and the middle of May 2025, most especially around Marte, Damboa, Gajiram, Chibok and the Mandara Hills of Gwoza, Zulum, therefore, hastened to Marte Local Government Area to assess the situation and provide support to the affected communities while deepening his pleas to the federal government and the military to hasten to his rescue before the terrorists retake Marte.
Between 2024 and 2025, Boko Haram/ISWAP tried several pranks to clip Zulum’s wings as he soared higher in his search for security for his state. The terrorists have been marauding into the Borno terrain from their border enclaves, tormenting resettled communities, killing scores, to, apparently, scare Zulum from going ahead with his UN-praised Borno Model of societal recovery.
Zulum, leveraging the fascinating successes of the security agencies – The North-East Operation Hadin Kai Theater Command in Maiduguri and the Multi-National Joint Task Force headquartered in Ndjamena, Chad Republic, seems solidly determined to ensure that Borno recovers from the terror-inflicted humanitarian crisis and, as a competent representative of the Nigerian authorities, squeezes terror out of the shores of Nigeria.
Excitingly, undeterred by the persistent resurgence of terror across the Northern, Central, and parts of the Southern zones of the state, Governor Zulum, smouldering with an uncommon determination and daredevil stance on recovery, still trotted around, resettling communities and instilling resilience to withstand the resurgence of terror.
Support to Military/Security Agencies and Volunteers
Governor Zulum has demonstrated exemplary leadership in addressing the state’s pressing security concerns through deploying both kinetic and non-kinetic measures.
In the last one year, Zulum has procured and distributed 481 operational vehicles to the military, Police, Nigerian Security and Civil Defence Corps, other law enforcement agencies, the Civilian JTF, hunters, and vigilantes.
Additionally, in November 2025, Borno State Governor Babagana Umara Zulum distributed 63 operational vehicles to security agencies in Maiduguri to enhance surveillance and combat emerging threats.
The beneficiaries include 30 vehicles for 10 sectors of the Civilian JTF, 16 for Rapid Response and Anti-Social Vices units, 10 for paramilitary organisations, six for local hunters, and one for the National Agency for the Prohibition of Trafficking in Persons (NAPTIP).
Zulum said the initiative aligns with his administration’s sustained efforts to strengthen security logistics across the state. “We will continue to support the security apparatus to ensure Borno is completely free from insurgency,” he stated.
Earlier in 2025, Governor Babagana Umara Zulum distributed 110 brand-new operational vehicles, 500 motorcycles, and 280 houses to the Nigeria Police Force and other security agencies.
According to the distribution formula, 60 vehicles will be allocated to the Nigerian Police and 50 vehicles and 500 motorcycles to the Nigerian military.
Zulum also approved an upward review of the monthly allowances to volunteers under the Borno Youth Empowerment Scheme, popularly known as the Civilian Joint Task Force (CJTF), Vigilantes Hunters, and Neighbourhood Watch.
Zulum approved an upward review of the monthly allowance for each volunteer from ₦30,000.00 to ₦50,000.00, while leaders of the volunteer groups will now receive ₦150,000.00 each.
The reviewed allowance has already started hitting their accounts, resulting in a revised monthly expenditure of ₦232.4 million.
“The Civilian Joint Task Force (CJTF), Vigilantes, Hunters, and Neighbourhood Watch have consistently demonstrated gallantry, resilience, and unwavering commitment in the fight against Boko Haram insurgents,” Zulum stated.
In recognition of these sacrifices and in appreciation of their steadfast dedication to peace and security, Zulum also approved an upward review of allowances for the
leaders of the volunteer groups to ₦150,000.00 each.
Zulum’s Tour to Pulka/Ngoshe
Over the last seven years, Zulum has maintained his routine of visiting communities affected by attacks to commiserate with them, build their resilience, and console them with humanitarian aid. Most recently, he paid a confidence- and resilience-building visit to the displaced persons in Ngoshe, who are currently taking refuge in Pulka.
Ngoshe, a community in Gwoza local government, was attacked on 4th March, forcing residents to flee their homes.
This was the second time Governor Babagana Zulum has visited victims of Ngoshe, in expression of grave concern about the security situation not only in Gwoza, but also in the entire State.
Addressing the displaced persons at the Pulka Central Primary School, Zulum said the visit was aimed at reinforcing government support, boosting public confidence, and engaging stakeholders on improved security strategies.
“The major reason why we are here is first and foremost to once again sympathize with them and to convey our deepest sympathy, and to assure them that the Federal Government of Nigeria and the Borno State Government will do everything possible to strengthen the security of the entire Gwoza community,” Zulum said.
He reassured residents of Gwoza and surrounding communities of strengthened security measures and sustained humanitarian support following recent attacks, stressing that all those in captivity will be rescued.
Governor Zulum spent the entire Saturday night coordinating security activities in Pulka following the recent attacks in Ngoshe, Pulka, and other communities in Gwoza. That was the first time a sitting Governor has slept in Pulka, a community 22 kilometers from Gwoza.
He noted to them that leadership is all about commitment and sacrifice, a hallmark of his administration since he assumed office.
“Leadership is not about living in your comfort zone and then addressing people and addressing their concerns, but coming directly to the doorsteps of the less privileged. This has been my tradition, this has been my culture since I assumed duty as the governor of the state,” Zulum said.
“I cannot remember when I lived consecutively for 10 days in my office or even one week since I assumed duty. I’m always in the remote areas attending to people, and I believe this is what we should do from now on to the end of my own administration,” he noted.
Governor Zulum, on Sunday, visited Ngoshe to see for himself the level of damage, which is about 40 kilometers away from Gwoza. He disbursed cash and relief items to over 30,000 people affected by the recent incident.
Speaking to newsmen shortly after inspecting the affected community, the Governor described the level of destruction as shocking and heartbreaking.
He assured residents of Ngoshe in Gwoza Local Government Area that the government will rebuild homes and public infrastructure destroyed by recent attacks, while intensifying security efforts to restore lasting peace in the area.
…Vows Ngoshe Will Not Fall Again
Governor Zulum reaffirmed the commitment of the Federal and the Borno State governments to decisively address the lingering security challenges in the state, assuring residents of Ngoshe that the town would not be allowed to fall back into the control of insurgents insha Allah.
Addressing troops of the 82 Division Task Force Battalion Ngoshe, Zulum said efforts are ongoing to strengthen the military’s capacity.
“I want to assure you that the Federal Government of Nigeria, and indeed the Government of Borno State, under the leadership of the Armed Forces, will do everything possible to contain the lingering security situation,” he said.
The governor emphasized the strategic importance of Ngoshe, warning that its fall could have wider security implications for surrounding communities.” Ngoshe is very important. The fall of Ngoshe would send a very bad signal to Pulka, Kirawa, Gwoza, and even Bama. We shall not allow this town to be taken over again by insurgents,” he assured.
These efforts at restoring security to Borno, exceptionally commendable as they may seem, constitute just a modicum of the vast array of accomplishments Governor Zulum has registered in this most critical requirement for the very existence and prosperity of every entity.
As the Agricultural Engineering-turned-governor winds up his two-tenure governorship stint, it is most-crucially imperative for Borno, its stakeholders and entire people to comb, with a fine tooth comb, the state’s political cum public servants class to sieve out a personality possessing the character, credibility and capacity of Zulum to sustain the tempo of search for lasting security and consolidate on Zulum’s accomplishments, but add value to those accomplishments.
Zulum’s successor should be a genius or, at least, exceptionally talented and committed to doing something strikingly new.
“Towering genius distains a beaten path; it seeks regions hitherto unexplored,” Abraham Lincoln would say.
Dauda Iliya is the Special Adviser on Media/Spokesperson to the Borno State Governor
A Bulwark for Borno’s Resilience: A Few Of Zulum’s Security Feats
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