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Taiwan in the Crossfire of History, Law, and Power: A Feature Analysis of Competing Claims and the One-China Question

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Taiwan in the Crossfire of History, Law, and Power: A Feature Analysis of Competing Claims and the One-China Question

By: Michael Olukayode

The status of Taiwan remains one of the most enduring and strategically sensitive disputes in modern international relations — a question where history, law, identity, and geopolitics collide without easy resolution. It is not merely a territorial disagreement between Beijing and Taipei; it is a layered contest over legitimacy, sovereignty, and the meaning of statehood in a shifting global order.

Across recent scholarly salons and policy interventions in Africa and beyond — particularly the Abuja media salon hosted by the China General Chamber of Commerce in Nigeria — a striking convergence has emerged around the One-China Principle, even as interpretations of its implications remain sharply contested.

The Historical Fault Line: 1949 and the Birth of Two Political Realities

The modern Taiwan question originates in the Chinese Civil War, which ended in 1949 with the Communist Party of China establishing the People’s Republic of China on the mainland while the defeated Kuomintang (KMT) government retreated to Taiwan.

As Professor Sheriff Ghali Ibrahim forcefully stated at the Abuja salon:

“Taiwan is not a sovereign entity, it has no independence and it is not a member of the United Nations.”

From Beijing’s perspective, this was not the creation of two states but the continuation of one China under different administrations.

This position aligns with the broader Chinese narrative repeatedly emphasized in diplomatic discourse, including the categorical assertion that:

“Taiwan has never been a country, was never one in the past, and will never be one in the future.”

Taiwan, however, evolved in a very different direction. Over decades, it developed into a functioning democratic polity with its own political institutions, elections, military structure, and constitutional governance.

This divergence produces what scholars describe as a central paradox: a de facto state operating with constrained de jure recognition, facing a sovereign claim from a rising global power.

The Legal Architecture: UN Resolution 2758 and Competing Interpretations

A cornerstone of Beijing’s argument is United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2758, which restored China’s seat at the United Nations in 1971.

At the Abuja salon, Professor Sheriff Ghali Ibrahim insisted:

“This resolution has explicitly established… that there is only one seat for China in the United Nations, leaving no room for ‘two Chinas’ or ‘one China, one Taiwan’.”

From this perspective, Taiwan is not a separate subject of international law but part of China whose representation is subsumed under Beijing.

Taiwan and its supporters contest this interpretation, arguing that Resolution 2758 addresses representation — not sovereignty — leaving Taiwan’s political status deliberately unresolved.

This legal ambiguity has become what many scholars now describe as structured uncertainty, sustaining diplomatic flexibility while preventing formal resolution.

Beijing’s Position: Sovereignty, Reunification, and Historical Mission

China’s position is rooted in sovereignty, territorial integrity, and national rejuvenation.

As reiterated by President Xi Jinping:

“The great tide of compatriots on both sides of the strait becoming closer, more connected and coming together will not change. This is the verdict of history.”

In Chinese official discourse, reunification is not framed as a negotiable issue but as a historical inevitability tied to national revival.

This perspective was reinforced in Abuja by African analysts who align with Beijing’s framing of sovereignty as non-negotiable, with Professor Sheriff Ghali Ibrahim emphasizing that Africa’s diplomatic alignment reflects a global consensus increasingly anchored in the One-China Principle.

Taiwan’s Position: Democracy, Identity, and De Facto Sovereignty

Taiwan’s position rests on lived political reality and democratic self-governance.

While officially still called the Republic of China, Taiwan functions as an independent political system with its own elections, judiciary, military, and constitution.

Its leadership under President Lai Ching-te emphasizes Taiwan’s distinct political identity and rejects Beijing’s sovereignty claims.

From Beijing’s perspective, this is framed as separatism. From Taiwan’s perspective, it is democratic self-determination.

The result is a deeply entrenched ideological divide: territorial integrity versus political identity.

Strategic Ambiguity and Global Power Politics

A critical dimension of the Taiwan issue is the role of external powers, particularly the United States.

Washington’s policy of strategic ambiguity — recognizing the One-China framework while maintaining unofficial relations with Taiwan — is widely seen as both stabilizing and contradictory.

At the Abuja salon, Prof. Sheriff Ghali Ibrahim and other speakers framed external engagement with Taiwan as part of what they described as “separatist encouragement,” while emphasizing African alignment with Beijing’s position.

Africa’s Diplomatic Alignment and the One-China Consensus

A recurring theme in Abuja was overwhelming African diplomatic alignment with Beijing.

As multiple presenters emphasized:

“As of May 2026, 53 out of 54 African nations adhere to the One-China policy.”

The only exception remains Eswatini.

At the salon, Prof. Sheriff Ghali Ibrahim argued that this position reflects historical continuity in African diplomacy:

“African nations have consistently stood with China on issues concerning its sovereignty and territorial integrity.”

Dr. Segun Showunmi, who is an Ace Public affairs analyst and social impact expert, with experience in governance, policy and civic engagement added that this alignment is not merely political but developmental:

“That consistency created trust and in international politics, trust often translates into investment, infrastructure, and strategic cooperation.”

The Abuja Diplomatic Intervention: China’s Official Position

A defining moment of the salon came from the representative of the Chinese state — the Counsellor of the Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in Nigeria, Ms.Dong Hairong— who reiterated Beijing’s formal position in unambiguous terms:

“There is only one China in the world, and Taiwan is an inalienable part of China.”

This intervention anchored the entire discussion within the framework of Chinese sovereignty doctrine and reinforced that diplomatic relations with China are premised on acceptance of the One-China Principle.

Prof. Sam Amadi: Strategic Ambiguity as Diplomatic Reality

Professor Sam Amadi, a policy strategist and law and governance expert, Director, Abuja School of Social and Political Thoughts,
introduced a more analytical framing, arguing that global practice is defined not by clarity but by managed contradiction.

He stated:

“The One-China principle and One-China policy are clear, but difficult to operationalise.”

He further explained:

“What we have today is strategic ambiguity… meaning they acknowledge, but at the same time, they engage.”

For Amadi, the central question for Africa is not ideological but practical:

“Should we foreclose ambiguity and advance a straight One-China principle, which will exclude all kinds of trade and engagement with Taiwan?”

His conclusion favored diplomatic exclusivity with calibrated economic engagement.

Strategic Realism: Why the Status Quo Persists

Despite rhetorical intensity, the Taiwan issue persists in its unresolved form due to structural constraints:

  • China cannot accept formal separation without undermining sovereignty doctrine
  • Taiwan cannot accept reunification without losing political autonomy
  • The United States benefits strategically from ambiguity
  • African states largely align diplomatically with Beijing while prioritizing development ties

As Professor Amadi summarized:

“We acknowledge these principles, but we go back there and also deal with Taiwan in trade… using strategic ambiguity.”

Conclusion: History as Contest, Diplomacy as Equilibrium

The Abuja salon underscored a broader truth about the Taiwan question: it is not merely a territorial dispute but a global governance dilemma.

On one side stands China’s categorical assertion, echoed in Abuja:

“There is only one China.”

On the other stands Taiwan’s democratic identity and de facto autonomy.

Between them lies a global system that simultaneously enforces principle and tolerates ambiguity.

As reflected across the Abuja interventions, including those of Prof. Sheriff Ghali Ibrahim, Dr. Segun Showunmi, Prof. Sam Amadi, and the Chinese diplomatic Counsellor, the Taiwan question endures not because it lacks answers — but because every available answer carries strategic consequences the world is unwilling to fully accept.

And so Taiwan remains what it has become in the 21st century: not only a territorial dispute, but a permanent stress test of international order itself.

Taiwan in the Crossfire of History, Law, and Power: A Feature Analysis of Competing Claims and the One-China Question

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Residents Cheer Troops as Operation FANSAN YAMMA Returns with Captured Terrorists’ Logistics in Zamfara

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Residents Cheer Troops as Operation FANSAN YAMMA Returns with Captured Terrorists’ Logistics in Zamfara

By Zagazola Makama

Residents of Gummi town in Zamfara State on Thursday poured into the streets to celebrate troops of the Joint Task Force North West, Operation FANSAN YAMMA, following a major operational success against terrorists in the area.

Eyewitnesses said the jubilant crowd gathered as soldiers arrived in town with logistics recovered from terrorists after a successful counter-ambush operation that reportedly left more than 100 terrorists neutralised.

The recovered items, including eight motorcycles used by the armed groups for movement during attacks on communities, were transported on an Armoured Personnel Carrier (APC) to the Headquarters of Operation FANSAN YAMMA in Gummi.

Residents were seen cheering, waving at the troops and applauding their efforts as the convoy entered the military base, with many expressing appreciation for the soldiers’ courage and sacrifices in the ongoing fight against banditry in the North West.

Security sources told Zagazola Makama that the successful operation dealt a significant blow to the criminal networks operating in the area, disrupting their mobility and logistical capabilities.

The spontaneous celebration by residents is seen as a reflection of growing public confidence in the military’s sustained offensive against terrorists and bandits across Zamfara and neighbouring states.

Military authorities reaffirmed that Operation FANSAN YAMMA remains committed to sustaining offensive operations aimed at dismantling terrorist enclaves, denying criminal elements freedom of movement, and restoring lasting peace across the North West.

The Joint Task Force also acknowledged the continued support and actionable intelligence provided by residents, describing community cooperation as critical to the success of ongoing operations.

Residents Cheer Troops as Operation FANSAN YAMMA Returns with Captured Terrorists’ Logistics in Zamfara

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WAHO, AfDB Hand Over 10 Ambulances, Medical Equipment to The Gambia in $3.4m Health System Boost

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WAHO, AfDB Hand Over 10 Ambulances, Medical Equipment to The Gambia in $3.4m Health System Boost

By: Michael Mike

The Gambia – The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), through the West African Health Organization (WAHO), on Friday handed over 10 fully equipped four-wheel-drive ambulances and critical medical equipment to The Gambia in a major effort to strengthen the country’s emergency response capacity and bolster regional health security.

The intervention, financed by the African Development Bank (AfDB) under the COVID-19 Exceptional Emergency Project for Low-Income ECOWAS Member States, represents an investment of approximately $3.4 million in The Gambia out of the project’s overall $22.3 million regional budget.

The medical equipment includes oxygen concentrators, haemodialysis machines, X-ray machines, anaesthetic machines, patient monitors, diagnostic tools, biomedical engineering equipment and other critical supplies aimed at improving emergency, diagnostic and specialised healthcare services.

Speaking at the handover ceremony in Banjul, President of the ECOWAS Commission, Dr. Omar Alieu Touray, described the intervention as a landmark demonstration of regional solidarity, stressing that the investment extends beyond the COVID-19 pandemic to building resilient health systems capable of responding to future public health emergencies.

Touray, a Gambian, said returning home to witness the delivery of the project carried deep personal significance.

“It is with immense pride, profound emotion and a deep sense of honour that I stand before you today in my own home country. To return to my homeland and witness the tangible fruits of our regional cooperation is deeply humbling and inspiring,” he said.

He explained that WAHO, as a specialised institution of ECOWAS, was funded through the ECOWAS Community Levy paid by citizens across the region, adding that the project reflected what West African countries could achieve through collective action.

“When the COVID-19 pandemic struck, it exposed the vulnerabilities of our health systems, but it also ignited our collective resolve. We learned that we are indeed better and stronger together,” Touray stated.

According to him, the project has trained 1,427 health professionals, equipped 55 points of entry across participating countries and supplied thousands of sets of personal protective equipment.

He disclosed that The Gambia recorded a 100 per cent physical completion rate for all project interventions, while 852 health workers and stakeholders were trained between 2024 and 2025 in Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response (IDSR), Incident Management Systems, Infection Prevention and Control, among other critical areas.

The ECOWAS Commission President said the newly donated ambulances and equipment would significantly improve emergency medical services and expand access to life-saving healthcare, particularly for vulnerable communities.

“As we receive these materials today, let us remember that they represent more than just tools. They represent hope, resilience and our shared commitment to protecting the lives and dignity of every West African,” he said.

Receiving the equipment on behalf of President Adama Barrow, the Vice President of The Gambia, Mohammed Jallow described the donation as a direct response to critical gaps in healthcare delivery, especially in rural communities where transporting critically ill patients to health facilities remains a major challenge.

He said the ambulances would serve as “vehicles of hope” and improve responses to road traffic accidents, obstetric emergencies and infectious disease outbreaks.

The Vice President commended WAHO, the African Development Bank and the Government of Germany for their continued support to The Gambia’s health sector, noting that the intervention demonstrated the tangible benefits of regional cooperation.

“This support represents a significant investment in our health system and demonstrates that, through collective action, ECOWAS member states and their partners can deliver results that directly improve the lives of ordinary citizens,” he said.

He charged the Ministry of Health and healthcare workers to ensure proper maintenance and accountability in the management of the newly acquired assets.

“Please ensure that spare parts are available, maintenance schedules are strictly followed, and that these vehicles and medical equipment remain fully operational at all times,” he urged.

Earlier, The Gambia’s Minister of Health, Dr. Ahmadou Samateh. praised WAHO for what he described as years of unwavering support to the country’s health sector through capacity building, technical assistance and training programmes.

He noted that hardly a month passed without WAHO sponsoring Gambian health professionals for training within and outside the country, describing the organisation as one of the country’s most dependable health development partners.

The minister said the donation was unprecedented in the country’s history.

“To the best of my knowledge, we have never received such a donation of ambulances from any institution in this quantity at one time,” he said.

The ceremony, which also coincided with WAHO’s anniversary celebration, was attended by the Director-General of WAHO, Dr. Melchior Aïssi, representatives of the African Development Bank, the German Government, senior ECOWAS officials, members of the Gambian Cabinet, development partners and senior government officials.

The intervention is expected to strengthen The Gambia’s emergency medical response system while reinforcing ECOWAS’ broader strategy of building resilient regional health systems capable of responding to future disease outbreaks and other public health emergencies.

WAHO, AfDB Hand Over 10 Ambulances, Medical Equipment to The Gambia in $3.4m Health System Boost

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Farmer killed by Fulani bandits in fresh Plateau attack as cycle of violence deepens

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Farmer killed by Fulani bandits in fresh Plateau attack as cycle of violence deepens

By Zagazola Makama

A farmer has been killed in a fresh attack by yet-to-be-identified gunmen in Butura Gida village, Bokkos Local Government Area of Plateau State, in the latest incident pointing to the persistent cycle of violence between farming and herding communities.

Security sources told Zagazola Makama that the attack occurred at about 7:47 p.m. on Tuesday, July 8, prompting troops of Sector 5 of Operation Enduring peace to mobilise to the community after receiving a distress call.

On arrival, the troops found the victim’s lifeless body. The attackers had fled the scene before security personnel arrived, and no contact was made.

A manhunt has since been launched to identify and apprehend those responsible for the killing.

The latest incident came less than 24 hours after a 13-year-old herder, Mustapha Abdul Kadir, was found dead alongside four cattle in Mangu Local Government Area in what authorities suspected was an attack by armed militia.

Earlier the same day, two residents were also killed in Torok community in Riyom Local Government Area in an attack blamed on suspected Fulani bandits.

The succession of attacks illustrates the entrenched and increasingly vicious pattern of retaliatory violence that has continued to plague Plateau State.

Killings of farmers are often followed by attacks on herders, while attacks on herders frequently trigger reprisals against farming communities, creating a dangerous cycle that has claimed hundreds of lives and destroyed livelihoods over the years.

Despite sustained military deployments, peace meetings and community engagements, mistrust between the two groups remains deep, with criminal elements exploiting the fragile security situation to perpetrate violence.

Zagazola warn that unless perpetrators on all sides are brought to justice and local grievances addressed, the state risks remaining trapped in an endless cycle of revenge attacks.

Farmer killed by Fulani bandits in fresh Plateau attack as cycle of violence deepens

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