News
The Dahalo of Madagascar and Cattle Rustlers in the Lake Chad Basin, a Shared Threat Beyond Borders
The Dahalo of Madagascar and Cattle Rustlers in the Lake Chad Basin, a Shared Threat Beyond Borders
By: Zagazola Makama
In the heart of Africa and the Indian Ocean island of Madagascar, two seemingly distant threats share a dangerous commonality: the Dahalo and cattle rustlers. Though they exist in different geographical, cultural, and political contexts, both groups have metamorphosed from traditional raiders into well-armed, highly networked criminal enterprises with disturbing implications for regional security, economic stability, and global illicit trade.
Traditionally, the Dahalo of Madagascar were young men proving their bravery through cattle theft and culturally accepted rite of passage. But over the years, this practice evolved into a violent criminal operation, particularly in Madagascar’s southern “red zones.” Today, Dahalo fighters move in formations reminiscent of guerrilla units, carrying Kalashnikovs and MAS-36 rifles, burning villages, and executing raids with deadly precision.
A similar transformation has occurred across the Lake Chad Basin (LCB) and the broader Sahel. What was once a pastoralist ritual for dowry or status has devolved into rampant cattle rustling, marked by commercial motivations and military-grade violence. Armed groups like Boko Haram and ISWAP have co-opted cattle theft as a tool of economic warfare and insurgency financing, altering the dynamics of regional insecurity.
In both regions, the actors are heavily armed and exploit ungoverned spaces for strategic advantage. Madagascar’s Dahalo exploit remote territories with minimal government presence, particularly in the Great South, operating freely in zones that mirror guerrilla warfare conditions.
In the Sahel and Lake Chad region, cattle rustlers and terror groups capitalize on Nigeria’s marshlands of Lake Chad, and the mountainous border regions of Niger and Mali. Here, they evade security forces, engage in cross-border raids, and impose illegal taxes on livestock traders and herders.
A critical yet underreported dimension is the emergence of transnational livestock trafficking networks, often referred to as the “meat mafia.” In both Madagascar and West Africa, stolen cattle are laundered through intermediaries – including corrupt officials, market traders, transporters, and butchers blending seamlessly with legally acquired livestock in regional markets.
In Nigeria, Africa’s largest cattle market, rustled herds are sold openly. Sophisticated tactics like “cattle round-tripping” moving animals across porous borders to obscure their origins have are now common. In Burkina Faso, jihadist groups such as JNIM and Ansarul Islam have even developed “commercial partnerships” with these networks, earning millions in monthly revenues to sustain their insurgencies.
Madagascar mirrors this structure. Government reports have exposed collusion between national leaders, police officers, and judges in facilitating Dahalo operations. Special advisers have described entire “cattle mafias” laundering thousands of heads of zebu (a prized local breed), with links to export markets in China and Arab states.
Another chilling layer to this network is the leather trade. While concrete evidence linking fashion brands to leather sourced from stolen livestock remains elusive, the risk is real. In Nigeria alone, animal skin exports generate more than $800 million annually. With no comprehensive system to trace the origin of hides, it’s highly plausible that stolen cattle contribute to global leather supply chains.
The fashion industry, known for its opaque supply networks, often sources leather through tanneries in high-risk regions. This opens a channel for conflict leather to flow unnoticed into international markets. Inaction or failure to investigate supply origins could render global brands complicit – knowingly or not – in fueling banditry and terror finance.
The terror-crime nexus in the LCB and Sahel is undeniable. Groups like Boko Haram use cattle rustling not just to fund operations but to dominate rural economies. They impose taxes on herders, abduct livestock owners for ransom, and terrorize communities into submission. These tactics serve both economic and psychological warfare, entrenching their control and weakening state legitimacy.
While the Dahalo are less ideologically motivated, their methods mimic insurgent governance: hostage-taking, village destruction, and an ability to operate with impunity. Madagascar’s internal security challenges mirror the complexity of northern Nigeria and the tri-border Sahel.
What Next? Toward a Multisectoral Response
The threat posed by these groups transcends cattle rustling. It reflects broader failures in governance, law enforcement, and border security. Left unchecked, they undermine fragile economies, deepen food insecurity, and blur the lines between criminal enterprise and armed conflict.
Addressing this challenge demands a multisectoral strategy: Strengthen border surveillance and regional intelligence-sharing.Regulate and digitize livestock movement through traceable means (e.g., tagging, blockchain). Crack down on collusion within security forces and public institutions.
Enforce due diligence in the leather and meat industries to prevent laundering of stolen goods.
Provide pastoral communities with economic alternatives and local protection mechanisms.
Conclusion
From the red plains of Madagascar to the dry frontiers of the Sahel, a dark economy thrives on the backs of stolen cattle. Whether driven by profit, ritual, or insurgency, the actors involved share more than just tactics. they exploit the same gaps in governance, the same desperation of vulnerable communities, and the same blind spots in international oversight.
The world may view cattle rustling as a relic of the past, but in reality, it is a sophisticated and deadly enterprise one that demands urgent attention from African states, global industry, and international partners alike.
Zagazola Makama is a Counter Insurgency Expert and Security Analyst in the Lake Chad Region
The Dahalo of Madagascar and Cattle Rustlers in the Lake Chad Basin, a Shared Threat Beyond Borders
Education
Adamawa, GPE open bid for 14 projects
Adamawa, GPE open bid for 14 projects
Adamawa Government with Global Partnership for Education (GPE) has opened a bid for 14 projects to upgrade Mega Science Technical School, Gulak to College of Technology, Innovation and Entrepreneurship Studies (COTIES).
Speaking at the bid opening, in Yola, Hajiya Aisha Umar, the Permanent Secretary Ministry of Education and Human Capital Development, said the government was committed to ensuring due process was followed when contracting projects.
“That’s why we are here today, to at least show the world that we are doing the right thing.
“I’m expecting that the right people will be awarded the contract; those that are here, and those that complied with the rules and regulations,” she said.
Umar said that 45 companies have currently bidded for 15 categories of the projects.
Umar assured that they would observe transparency in selecting those that would do the contract.
In his remarks, Mr Faruq Adamu, Procurement Officer, identified the 14 projects as the construction of electro-mechanical services and perimeter fencing of Hong and Lamurde Mega Science Schools.
The construction of four Block of 80-Room Hostels with Porter’s Lodge, Common Room and toilets each are among the projects.
Others are the Construction of one Block of 4-Bedroom Bungalow with One-Bedroom Boys’ Quarters, and one Block of 3-Bedroom semi-detached Bungalow for Rector and Deputy Residences in Gulak.
Adamu added that fencing of Hong and Lamurde as well as additional Electro-Mechanical Services were among the work to be done.
Responding on behalf of the contractors, Mr Adamu Umar, appreciated the state government for following due process and transparency.
He assured that, as professionals, they would abide by all the guidelines for a successful business
Adamawa, GPE open bid for 14 projects
News
Eliminating NTDs key to Gombe’s economic growth, better health outcomes – -Stakeholders
Eliminating NTDs key to Gombe’s economic growth, better health outcomes – -Stakeholders
Some stakeholders in the health sector have called for more actions and investments as part of efforts to eliminate Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) in Gombe State.
They stated that eliminating NTDs would result in significant economic benefits through increased productivity while reducing health risks amongst residents of the state.
They highlighted the benefits of an NTDs-free status for the State on Tuesday in Gombe, during a Media Dialogue on NTDs Elimination in Gombe State.
The meeting was organised by the Gombe State Government in partnership with the Federal Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, and supported by the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) and other development partners.
Hajiya Hawau Abubakar, the NTDs North East Zonal Coordinator, Federal Ministry of Health and Social Welfare said that “significant progress” had been made in the fight towards ending NTDs in Gombe State.
Abubakar said the commitment of the state government and support from the Federal Government and other development partners towards the elimination of NTDs was good for the health of citizens in the state.
She stressed that an NTDs-free status for Gombe would impact positively on the wellbeing of children and residents as well as the economic profile of the state.
“Eliminating NTDs will help improve social outcomes like education while eradicating NTDs-related obstacles that prevent children from growing and fulfilling their potential in life.
“These diseases affect the poor, so their elimination can significantly reduce poverty, improve overall health, and support progress on multiple United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).”
According to her, NTDs like lymphatic filariasis (elephantiasis) and trachoma can lead to permanent disfigurement, chronic pain, and blindness.
She stated that eliminating NTDs would help prevent the above consequences while preserving physical function and quality of life.
Mr Hilary Adie, the NTD National Consultant, UNICEF said eliminating NTDs would help improve on the wellbeing of children, stressing that for every adult affected by river blindness, a child is assigned to lead them, and “this would affect the child in every way.”
Adie said that severe disabilities and disfigurements associated with NTDs impose a significant burden on countries, limiting their citizens’ ability to reach their full potential.
“The impact of NTDs goes beyond health, deterring economic growth and resulting in billions of United States dollars in lost productivity annually,” he said.
“Eliminating neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) significantly reduces health risks by preventing severe illness, disability, and premature death, while also breaking the cycle of poverty and improving overall public health infrastructure and socioeconomic development.
“By reducing illness and improving cognitive development, NTD elimination leads to better school attendance and performance in children.
“In adults, it increases productivity and earning potential by reducing workdays lost to illness and disability.
On her part, Dr. Nuzhat Rafique, the Chief of Field Office, UNICEF Bauchi said that Gombe State would gain a lot from eliminating NTDs in the state.
Rafique saidthat one of the ways of eliminating NTDs in the state was to attain open defecation free status for Gombe State, hence stressing the need for an integrated approach to ending NTDs.
She said that since NTDs were preventable, there should not be a reason for anyone to suffer from the disease in Gombe State and Nigeria.
She called for an integrated approach of using community-based social mobilisation to improve health outcomes by promoting better water, sanitation, and hygiene practices in the state.
The UNICEF official commended efforts of the government and all stakeholders while stressing the need for more efforts to eliminate NTDs because of its impact on children and society generally.
She urged residents of the state to complement efforts at eliminating the NTDs by “preventing themselves and their families from having contacts with flies and mosquitoes.”
While commending media roles in efforts to eliminate NTDs, She said journalists were “the main game changer” in the task towards ensuring more awareness that would result in behavioural change.
Mrs Maryam Umar, the Programme Manager of Amen Health Care and Empowerment Foundation stated that with the partnership of the state government and development partners, the state had recorded huge success in effort to end NTDs particularly onchocerciasis, (River blindness) Lymphatic filariasis, (Elephantiasis) and Schistosomiasis (Bilharzia ) which are the three most common NTDs in Gombe State.
Umar said that, “an NTD free Gombe is not just a health outcome, it is an economic imperative and a pathway to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs),”she said.
Eliminating NTDs key to Gombe’s economic growth, better health outcomes – -Stakeholders
News
VP Shettima Leads FG Delegation To Condole With Environment Minister Over Loss Of Mother
VP Shettima Leads FG Delegation To Condole With Environment Minister Over Loss Of Mother
- Describes the late Hajiya Dayyabatu Lawal’s demise as great loss to Nigeria
By: Our Reporter
The Vice President, Senator Kashim Shettima, on Wednesday, led the Federal Government’s delegation on a condolence visit to the Minister of Environment, Mallam Balarabe Abbas Lawal, at his Zaria family residence in Kaduna State to commiserate with the Lawal family over the passing of their matriarch, Hajiya Dayyabatu Lawal, at the age of 93.
Senator Shettima, who said the delegation was in the state at the behest of President Bola Ahmed Tinubu to extend condolences to the Emir of Zazzau, His Royal Highness, Alhaji Ahmed Nuhu Bamalli, the Minister and the entire Zazzau Emirate, described the passing of Hajiya Dayyabatu, as a great loss to the entire nation.

“We are here at the behest of President Bola Ahmed Tinubu to commiserate with the Honourable Minister of Environment, Mallam Balarabe Abbas Lawal over the demise of the matriarch of the family, Hajiya Dayyabatu Lawal,” he said.
“May Allah grant her soul eternal rest and reward her with Aljana Firdaus give her family and the good people of Zazzau Emirate, Kaduna State, at large, the fortitude to bear the loss.
“May Allah continue to unite the people of Zazzau Emirate and may peace continue to reign in Kaduna State and Nigeria in general,” he stated.
Before proceeding to the Minister’s family residence on arrival in the ancient city of Zaria, VP Shettima stopped at the palace of the Emir of Zazzau, HRH, Alhaji Bamalli, to pay homage and extend President Tinubu’s condolences to the royal father.

At the Emir’s palace, the Vice President prayed Almighty Allah to grant the soul of Hajiya Dayyabatu, who was also a respected mother to the entire Emirate, “eternal rest and reward her with Aljana Firdaus, and also give her family, the good people of Zazzau Emirate and Kaduna State at large, the fortitude to bear the loss”.
Earlier in his remark, the Emir of Zazzau, who thanked Senator Shettima for the visit, commended him for his love and concern for the people of Zazzau Emirate, as well as Kaduna State, just as he extolled the VP’s leadership qualities.
He said, “Your presence here today has brought comfort and strength, while we mourn the passing of my beloved mother, who had lived a life worthy of emulation. Your support is a testament to the values of leadership, solidarity and compassion of a leader. We thank you most sincerely for your presence here today and leadership style.”

On the Federal Government delegation led by the Vice President are the Minister of Agriculture and Food Security, Senator Abubakar Kyari; Minister of Transportation, Senator Sa’idu Ahmed Alkali; Minister of State for Regional Development, Alhaji Uba Maigari Ahmadu; Special Adviser on General Duties to the President (Office of the Vice President), Dr Aliyu Umar Modibbo; Senator Mohammed Sani Musa, and Hon. Yusuf Galambi.
VP Shettima Leads FG Delegation To Condole With Environment Minister Over Loss Of Mother
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