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UNODC World Drug Report 2025: Global instability compounding social, economic and security costs of the world drug problem
UNODC World Drug Report 2025: Global instability compounding social, economic and security costs of the world drug problem
By: Michael Mike
A new era of global instability has intensified challenges in addressing the world drug problem, empowering organized crime groups and pushing drug use to historically high levels, says the UN Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) in the World Drug Report 2025 launched on Thursday.
“This edition of the World Drug Report shows that organized drug trafficking groups continue to adapt, exploit global crises, and target vulnerable populations,” said the Executive Director of UNODC, Ghada Waly,
She said: “We must invest in prevention and address the root causes of the drug trade at every point of the illicit supply chain. And we must strengthen responses, by leveraging technology, strengthening cross-border cooperation, providing alternative livelihoods, and taking judicial action that targets key actors driving these networks. Through a comprehensive, coordinated approach, we can dismantle criminal organizations, bolster global security, and protect our communities.”
According to the report, 316 million people used a drug (excluding alcohol and tobacco) in 2023, or six per cent of the population aged between 15 and 64, compared to 5.2 per cent of the population in 2013. With 244 million users, cannabis remains the most widely used drug, followed by opioids (61 million), amphetamines (30.7 million), cocaine (25 million) and “ecstasy” (21 million).
Within Nigeria, cannabis remains the most widely used illicit substance, and worryingly, one in three users report needing treatment or counselling—underscoring a significant gap in health services and support.
New groups of vulnerable people fleeing hardship, instability and conflict could cause these numbers to increase further, the report warned. Globally, as indicated by limited sex-disaggregated data, 5.5 per cent of women with drug use disorders were in treatment in 2023, as compared with 13.6 per cent of men with such disorders.
Production, seizures, and use of cocaine all hit new highs in 2023, making cocaine the world’s fastest-growing illicit drug market. Illegal production skyrocketed to 3,708 tons, nearly 34 per cent more than in 2022. Global cocaine seizures reached a record high at 2,275– a 68 per cent rise over 2019-2023. Use of cocaine, meanwhile, has grown from 17 million users in 2013 to 25 million users in 2023.
Cocaine traffickers are breaking into new markets across Asia and Africa, the report notes. The abuse of pharmaceutical opioids, especially tramadol, has also reached alarming levels, with the majority of global tramadol seizures taking place in Africa.
Due to factors like low operational costs and reduced risks of detection, the synthetic drug market continues to expand globally, dominated by Amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS) like methamphetamine and amphetamine (including “captagon”).
Seizures of ATS reached a record high in 2023 and accounted for almost half of all global seizures of synthetic drugs, followed by synthetic opioids, including fentanyl.
The report stated that though estimates vary, the illicit drug trade generates hundreds of billions of dollars per year. Criminal groups innovate constantly, through boosting production, finding new ways to chemically conceal their drugs, and using technology to conceal communications and increase distribution.
It also stated that though resilient, organized criminal networks can be disrupted – but a deeper understanding of the aims and structures of drug trafficking groups is required. Mapping criminal groups can highlight their vulnerabilities, key actors, enablers, and pinpoint possible areas for intervention. Law enforcement agencies could also consider investing in technology and skills training that matches the sophistication of tools used in the drug supply chain.
It explained that evidence suggests that integrating drug use disorder treatment and care into existing healthcare systems improves the quality, effectiveness and efficiency of that treatment and care. Such integration requires, among other measures, that a sufficient number of health professionals be trained and equipped with the necessary tools, which is not a simple task, particularly in systems already hampered by a struggle for resources.
With a national drug use prevalence of 14.4%, nearly three times the global average, and with over 3 million people in Nigeria suffering from drug use disorders, the toll of illicit drug use is significant and growing. Particularly alarming is the 9.2% HIV prevalence among people who inject drugs, and the still limited access to evidence-based treatment services.
Representative, UNODC Country office, Nigeria, Cheikh Toure, noted that: “This is not just a health crisis — it is a development, security, and peacebuilding concern.”
He said in Africa, for example, only 3.4 per cent of the estimated number of individuals with drug use disorders receive treatment. To strengthen evidence-based treatment, Governments must prioritize cost-effective interventions based on public health principles.
UNODC World Drug Report 2025: Global instability compounding social, economic and security costs of the world drug problem
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Troops repel terrorist infiltration in Borno, neutralise fighters, recover weapons
Troops repel terrorist infiltration in Borno, neutralise fighters, recover weapons
By: Zagazola Makama
Troops of the Joint Task Force (North East), Operation HADIN KAI, have successfully repelled an attempted infiltration by suspected Boko Haram/ISWAP terrorists in Buratai District, Biu Local Government Area of Borno State, neutralising two of the attackers in the process.
According to sources, the attack occurred in the early hours of April 25, 2026, when troops of 135 Special Forces Battalion detected a large number of terrorists attempting to infiltrate their defensive location at LIMA 3 Chara using surveillance systems.
The troops immediately engaged the attackers and held their ground while reinforcement teams swiftly mobilised to the location to support the operation.
The combined response forced the terrorists to withdraw in disarray after a brief but intense firefight. During the exchange, two terrorists were neutralised, while one motorcycle used by the attackers was destroyed. Troops also recovered a cache of ammunition from the scene.
No casualties were recorded on the side of the friendly forces, while the situation remains under close monitoring as exploitation operations continue.
Troops repel terrorist infiltration in Borno, neutralise fighters, recover weapons
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Troops Intercept Terrorist Logistics Courier, Recover Ammunition in Zamfara
Troops Intercept Terrorist Logistics Courier, Recover Ammunition in Zamfara
By: Zagazola Makama
Troops of 1 Brigade, in collaboration with the Zamfara State Community Protection Guards (ZSCPG), have arrested a suspected terrorist logistics courier in Gusau Local Government Area of Zamfara State.
Security sources said the suspect was apprehended at about 2:40 p.m. on April 24 at Lalan Commercial Motor Park in Gusau following credible intelligence.
The suspect was reportedly intercepted while attempting to board a commercial vehicle heading to Shinkafi town.
According to the sources, a search conducted on the suspect led to the discovery of ammunition concealed inside a container of palm oil.
Items recovered include 270 rounds of 7.62mm special ammunition and 54 rounds of 7.62mm NATO ammunition.
Preliminary investigation reportedly revealed that the suspect received the consignment from an individual identified as Abubakar Danfulani in Toto Local Government Area of Nasarawa State, for onward delivery to TsaiKa village in Shinkafi LGA of Zamfara State.
The suspect is currently in custody of the Joint Investigation and Fusion Centre (JIFC), Operation Forest Yaki, for further investigation and necessary action.
Security authorities said the interception is part of ongoing efforts to disrupt terrorist logistics and arms supply chains across the North-West.
Troops Intercept Terrorist Logistics Courier, Recover Ammunition in Zamfara
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Nigeria Launches Investigative Guide to Tackle Sexual Violence, Strengthen Justice for Survivors
Nigeria Launches Investigative Guide to Tackle Sexual Violence, Strengthen Justice for Survivors
By: Michael Mike
In a renewed push to confront the widespread challenge of Sexual and Gender-Based Violence (SGBV), key stakeholders across Nigeria’s justice sector and international community on Thursday unveiled a new investigative tool aimed at improving the handling and prosecution of sexual assault cases.
The Quick Reference Guide for Investigating Sexual Assault was launched at a high-level event attended by members of the judiciary, law enforcement agencies, government institutions, civil society groups, and development partners. The initiative is expected to enhance the capacity of frontline responders and ensure a more coordinated, survivor-centred approach to justice delivery, particularly in the insurgency-affected Northeast.
Speaking at the launch, the Country Representative of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), Cheikh Toure, described the guide as a critical step forward in addressing gaps in the investigation and prosecution of sexual violence cases.

He noted that communities in Borno, Adamawa, and Yobe States have endured years of conflict and displacement, conditions that have heightened the risk of sexual violence and deepened the need for effective justice mechanisms.
Toure explained that the guide provides practical, field-based direction for responders, outlining key steps from the point of reporting to the preparation of case files. It also incorporates referral pathways to ensure survivors are promptly connected to medical, legal, and psychosocial support services.
He acknowledged the Government of Canada for its support, emphasizing that the partnership reflects a shared commitment to ending impunity and ensuring that survivors have access to justice. He further stressed that the initiative was driven by Nigerian institutions and developed through consultations with local experts, making it both context-specific and sustainable.
A major focus of the guide, according to Toure, is the proper handling of forensic evidence—often the deciding factor in securing convictions. He warned that poorly collected or mishandled evidence continues to undermine cases, allowing perpetrators to evade justice. To address this, the initiative is complemented by ongoing efforts to strengthen forensic infrastructure, including upgrades to sexual assault referral centres and laboratory capacity in Abuja.
Also addressing participants, Hon. Justice Obiora Egwuatu painted a sobering picture of the prevalence and impact of SGBV in Nigeria, describing it as a daily reality cutting across all communities. He defined SGBV as acts driven by unequal power relations and harmful gender norms, encompassing offences such as rape, domestic violence, child marriage, sexual harassment, and economic abuse.
He noted that while women and girls remain the most affected, men and boys also suffer in silence due to stigma and societal expectations that discourage disclosure.

According to him, the consequences of SGBV are devastating, ranging from physical injuries and psychological trauma to unwanted pregnancies, infections, and, in extreme cases, death.
Beyond individual victims, he said, the ripple effects of such violence destabilize families, strain public health systems, and weaken the social fabric of communities.
Justice Egwuatu identified several barriers to addressing SGBV effectively, including a culture of silence, stigma, weak reporting systems, delayed investigations, poor evidence management, and low conviction rates. He also highlighted the lack of accessible support services such as shelters, legal aid, and mental health care, which leaves many survivors without adequate assistance.
He further pointed to entrenched cultural norms and economic hardship as drivers of vulnerability, particularly for women and children, while conflict situations continue to exacerbate risks.
Calling for a collective response, the judge stressed that ending SGBV requires action beyond government institutions. He urged individuals, families, religious bodies, schools, and community groups to play active roles in supporting survivors, challenging harmful norms, and exposing perpetrators.
“We must break the silence, believe survivors, and ensure that justice is not denied,” he said, adding that the newly launched investigative aide-memoire would serve as a vital resource for judges, law enforcement officers, and other stakeholders in strengthening accountability.
Stakeholders at the event agreed that while the launch of the guide marks significant progress, sustained collaboration, improved institutional capacity, and societal change will be critical to ending sexual violence and ensuring justice for survivors across Nigeria.
Nigeria Launches Investigative Guide to Tackle Sexual Violence, Strengthen Justice for Survivors
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