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How fake narratives, disinformation on battlefield are shaping Nigeria’s security space

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How fake narratives, disinformation on battlefield are shaping Nigeria’s security space

By: Zagazola Makama

In Nigeria’s dynamic security environment, the contest is no longer limited to guns, troops and airstrikes, as the information space has become an active front where competing narratives shape public perception. While some reports are factual, others are misleading or exaggerated, prompting scrutiny among security stakeholders about the impact of disinformation on trust, decision-making and ongoing operations.

In recent days, the pattern has been consistent: major security incidents are swiftly followed by a flood of conflicting reports, exaggerated casualty figures and unverified claims, many of which gain traction before official information becomes available.

The latest example is the military airstrike on a Boko Haram enclave or Market in Jilli, Gubio Local Government Area of Borno.

Within hours of the operation, the media space was awash with reports alleging mass civilian casualties. Figures varied widely, some reports claimed 50 killed, others 159, while some went as high as 200. Yet, available information from official and emergency sources tells a different story.

The area targeted, Jilli, is widely regarded by military authorities as a “no man’s land” an enclave long abandoned by civilians and occupied by insurgents. Access to the location is highly restricted, with movement largely controlled by terrorist elements.

Even state emergency officials in neighbouring Yobe confirmed that while some injured persons from Geidam were treated, they could not independently verify casualty figures from the strike zone.

This prompts a critical question: who is counting the dead in a territory largely inaccessible to civilians and government authorities? The answer lies in the speed and structure of modern information flows.

In today’s digital ecosystem, news travels faster than verification. Initial reports often based on speculation or unverified sources are quickly amplified across social media and picked up by multiple outlets. One credible medium can mislead the whole of the Nigeria’s media with a narrative that is entirely not true and by the time accurate information emerges, the narrative may already be firmly established in public consciousness.

A similar pattern was observed in the reporting of the recent attack in Benisheik. Early reports claimed that 17 people, including a Brigade Commander, were killed. However, subsequent official confirmation put the figure at four. Burial for the four slain soldiers and officers will be carried out on Tuesday 14 April 2026.

Despite the correction, the earlier narrative had already circulated widely, shaping public perception of the incident. Beyond casualty figures, misinformation has also extended to operational details.

In the aftermath of the Benisheik attack, claims surfaced alleging that the Brigade Commander died due to obsolete weapons and faulty Mine-Resistant Ambush Protected (MRAP) vehicles, as well as suggestions that requests for better equipment had been denied. Some even went as far as publishing an entirely fictitious report claiming the general confessed to someone and wrote to Abuja many times.

Military high command and sources in the Brigade however, dismissed these claims as unfounded, noting that no verifiable evidence was provided to support them. Even the MRAP that was burnt in the attack was not because it was faulty, it was because the driver got panicked and ran away.

Perhaps more concerning is the emergence of content that goes beyond misinformation into the realm of psychological influence. One such example is a viral audio message circulating online, in which a speaker makes sweeping allegations linking government officials and security institutions to sponsorship of bandits to Saudi Arabia.

The audio, attributed in some platforms to a figure identified as “English Alhaji,” alleges that the Nigerian authorities are collaborating with armed groups and even facilitating foreign travel for them.

While the claims are serious, and supporting the conspiracy theories on peoples head, they are presented without names, locations, or supporting evidence. It starts with specific accusations on a certain Local Government Chiarman, then gradually expands into a broader claim of institutional betrayal.

The message repeatedly suggests that those responsible for protecting the country are themselves complicit in insecurity. But who are those saddled with the responsibility of protecting the country? (Military and Government). It is clear that the narrative was designed to erode trust in the country’s security institutions and such messaging often relies on emotional intensity rather than verifiable facts.

References to personal danger such as claims that the speaker may be assassinated for revealing the information are also used to enhance perceived credibility and discourage scrutiny. In conflict-affected regions, the impact of such narratives can be immediate and far-reaching.

When trust in security agencies is weakened, civilians may become less willing to share intelligence, report suspicious activities or cooperate with patrols all of which are critical to counter-insurgency efforts.

The spread of disinformation also risks undermining non-kinetic approaches to security.
In several parts of the country, authorities have adopted strategies such as dialogue, amnesty programmes and community reconciliation to reduce violence. However, when these initiatives are stripped of context, they can be misrepresented as evidence of collusion.

The trend is not limited to local incidents. In December, a US-based humanitarian organization issued a grave warning that armed groups are planning coordinated attacks against Christian communities in northern Nigeria during the Christmas period.

The report titled “Concerns about possible Christmas Day attacks” by Mr Judd Saul, the founder of Equipping the Persecuted, says he has privileged information that there are plots by terrorists and bandits to attack rural communities in the councils and kill as many people as possible on Christmas Day.
“They are gathering forces around the Plateau and Nasarawa border, along the Nasarawa-Benue border, and along the Nasarawa-Kaduna border. They are planning to hit on Christmas Day in Riyom, Bokkos, and Barkin Ladi,” Saul said during an Emergency Summit on Crimes against Christians that was held at the US Capitol on Tuesday, December 16. Christmas had came and passed and no mass attacks took place on Christmas day on Christians. The claims were understood to be plot by the foreign NGO, to promote campaign of genocide against Christians in order to destabilized the country along religious lines.

In the past week, claims circulated that more than 1,000 Boko Haram fighters had been transported into Abuja, allegedly prompting US Embassy to shut down operations and evacuated its staff because Abuja is no longer safe is another FAKE news which authorities have since dismissed the claim as FALSE.

Within the same day, another viral video resurfaced claiming that terrorists were advancing on Abuja amid heavy gunfire. The viral report had since been described by the FCT
Commissioner of Police, Ahmed Sanusi, false and misleading.

Another viral post emerged again and being circulated widely on Watssap groups titled “Viewers discretion advised” The 25 female students abducted from a school in Maga, Kebbi state on Sunday been slaughtered like fowls.Honestly this is getting out of hand.

Unfortunately, that video from Burkina Faso had circulated since early 2025 after a terrorists organization carried out mass slaughter of some men in a certain community. But in the circulated message, it was presented as the 25 female students abducted in Maga, kebbi state.

Similarly, viral posts attempted to link Nigeria to a purported social media statement by U.S. President Donald Trump on purported message which allegedly emanate from Iran. President Tump lashed out on CNN for relying on the report. But it turned out that Mr Trump claims
that was also found to be baseless. The statement never emanate from Nigeria but Iran themselves.

These incidents illustrate how misinformation can transcend borders, drawing in global figures and institutions to lend credibility to false narratives. The cumulative effect of these developments is the gradual erosion of “trust architecture” between the public and state institutions.

In counter-insurgency operations, trust is not just a social value, it is an operational asset.
Without it, intelligence gathering becomes more difficult, community policing weakens, and early warning systems begin to fail.

For media organisations, the challenge is balancing speed with accuracy. In a competitive information environment, the pressure to publish quickly can sometimes override the need for verification. However, it is emphasise that credibility remains the most valuable asset of journalism. For the public, the responsibility lies in critical consumption. Not every viral message is factual, and not every widely shared claim is true.

Majority of media organizations also blamed delayed official responses from state institutions for the spread of conflicting narratives during security crises, noting that information gaps often compel media organisations to rely on unverified sources. They said the absence of timely and authoritative updates creates room for speculation, misinformation and exaggerated reporting, which can mislead the public and undermine ongoing operations.

According to them, government agencies responsible for information management must act swiftly to bridge this gap by providing accurate and prompt briefings. State institutions charged with the responsibility of information are not doing enough. The people need to be properly informed,”they said.

The stakeholders emphasised that improving communication and ensuring consequences for misinformation are critical to restoring public trust and maintaining stability during crises.

Zagazola Makama is a Counter Insurgency Expert and Security Analysts in the Lake Chad Region.

How fake narratives, disinformation on battlefield are shaping Nigeria’s security space

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2027: TAF-Africa urges INEC, security agencies to ensure inclusive voting

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2027: TAF-Africa urges INEC, security agencies to ensure inclusive voting

By Elizabeth Ogunjobi

TAF-Africa has urged the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) and security agencies to ensure accessible and safe voting for Persons with Disabilities (PwDs) in 2027.

Dr Andrew Adaji, Programme Manager of The All-Rights Foundation, made the call in Gombe on Wednesday during a community outreach for PwDs.

Adaji said the agencies must ensure that all eligible voters exercised their constitutional rights without discrimination or unnecessary difficulties.

He said PwDs deserved adequate support to participate in electoral processes, given their population and potential contributions to national development.

He estimated that PwDs constituted about 35 million Nigerians, representing 18 per cent of the country’s population.

Adaji urged INEC to promote priority voting and ensure its officials understood provisions designed to facilitate voting for PwDs.

He also criticised the commission’s alleged neglect of Form EC40H, which documents the participation of voters with disabilities.

“Based on our experience during the off-cycle governorship elections in Ekiti, Anambra and Osun states, most ad-hoc staff were not even aware that the form existed,” he said.

He said observers had to draw polling officials’ attention to the form during the elections.

Adaji urged INEC to incorporate training on Form EC40H into its preparation of ad-hoc staff.

He said this would enable officials to understand its purpose and properly document PwDs participating in elections.

He also called for assistive devices, including magnifying glasses and Braille ballot guides, for voters with visual impairments.

Adaji urged INEC to make polling units physically accessible, stressing that PwDs should exercise their rights independently and with dignity.

“We should not have to carry them into polling units. Instead, the facilities should be designed to accommodate them,” he said.

He expressed optimism that improved accessibility would encourage more PwDs to participate in elections.

Adaji also urged security agencies to prioritise the protection of PwDs during security threats and emergencies.

He encouraged PwDs in Gombe to exercise their voting rights under the priority voting provisions of the law.

He said the provisions included special queues for PwDs, pregnant women and older persons.

Adaji urged Nigerians to support the participation of PwDs in the electoral process.

Alheri Nuhu, Women Leader of the Deaf Association in Gombe State, commended The All-Rights Foundation for organising the outreach.

Nuhu said PwDs had been denied adequate attention during previous elections, despite their constitutional rights.

She lamented discrimination by INEC officials and other voters, saying communication barriers often left deaf voters disenfranchised.

She urged INEC to engage sign language interpreters among its ad-hoc staff to facilitate communication during elections.

Similarly, Malam Sani Abubakar, Chairman of the Lepers Association in Gombe State, called for inclusive voting arrangements.

He said leprosy had affected some members’ thumbs, making thumbprinting difficult despite their faces being captured during previous elections.

Abubakar urged INEC to introduce alternative voting arrangements for affected voters to prevent their disenfranchisement.

NAN reports that The All-Rights Foundation is conducting the outreach in six Gombe communities, targeting 305 PwDs.

2027: TAF-Africa urges INEC, security agencies to ensure inclusive voting

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Borno 2027: The General’s Charge and How Zulum Unleashes Borno’s Heavyweight Political Squad

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Borno 2027: The General’s Charge and How Zulum Unleashes Borno’s Heavyweight Political Squad

By Abubakar M. Kareto

In Nigerian politics, elections are rarely won on auditorium stages; they are decided in the quiet corridors of rural wards and the long queues of remote polling units.

The formal inauguration of the Borno State All Progressives Congress (APC) Campaign Council at the Government House followed by a massive, open-air campaign flag-off at the Sports Centre in Maiduguri represents a calculated departure from routine rally-making toward micro-targeted grassroots mobilization.

By commanding party stalwarts to abandon executive comfort and embed themselves directly within their local communities, Governor Babagana Umara Zulum is deploying a bottom-up doctrine aimed at locking down political legitimacy where it matters most.

At the heart of this strategy is the critical task of maintaining party cohesion after intense internal primaries. Zulum’s explicit instruction for victorious candidates to reach out and heal rifts with aggrieved aspirants reflects a realistic understanding of political arithmetic: internal resentment erodes turnout faster than any opposition campaign. By coupling reconciliation with firm warnings against subversion, the leadership is attempting to forge an unbreakable front out of potentially volatile factions.

The sheer scale of political unity displayed in Maiduguri underscores the formidable nature of this campaign structure. Bringing together political titans including former Governors Senator Maina Ma’aji Lawan and Senator Ali Modu Sheriff, alongside APC Deputy National Chairman Ali Bukar Dalori and the state’s complete senatorial delegation demonstrates an unprecedented level of internal alignment.

This public display of solidarity among historical heavyweights signals organizational stability, minimizing space for opposition inroads while keeping rank-and-file members firmly aligned.

Beyond local dynamics, Borno State occupies a unique position on the national political chessboard as the home state of Vice President Senator Kashim Shettima. In this high-stakes arena, sheer victory is insufficient; the turnout margin itself serves as a barometer of political influence.

Delivering a massive vote tally is therefore both a local objective and a strategic demonstration of national strength, cementing the state’s leverage within the governing alliance.

To turn political influence into actual votes, the campaign relies heavily on record-based persuasion and visible governance dividends. By grounding the campaign pitch in key developmental gains achieved despite severe security challenges and highlighting major federal institutions acquired in Gwoza, Bama, and Azare canvassers are equipped with a tangible policy narrative. Framing voter turnout for President Bola Ahmed Tinubu, gubernatorial candidate Engr. Mustapha Gubio, and all legislative candidates as a direct return on investment gives party workers a clear, evidence-backed story for every doorstep across the state’s 27 local government areas.

A vital strength of this expanded outreach is the deliberate inclusion of women and youth as core engines of voter mobilization. The strong presence of the women’s delegation led by Borno First Lady Dr. Falmata Babagana Umara Zulum alongside the wife of the Deputy Governor and the wives of party candidates highlights an organized effort to engage families and community networks directly. Demanding structured participation across all demographics ensures that campaign directives actively translate into voter registration and turnout.

Deputy Governor Umar Usman Kadafur’s commitment to an issue-based, unit-by-unit campaign outlines the operational mechanics needed to execute this vision. Requiring regular field reports creates a system of measurable accountability across every precinct. In a vast state with complex logistics, such systematic tracking ensures that high-level strategy is actively carried out at every single polling station.

Lastly, the Maiduguri launch demonstrates how strategic discipline, elite reconciliation, and precinct-level focus converge to shape electoral outcomes. In an increasingly competitive political landscape, the Borno APC has laid out a clear blueprint: harness the full weight of a unified leadership squad, but win the election one polling unit at a time.

About the Author
Abubakar M. Kareto is a Public Affairs Analyst and Communications Strategist focusing on governance, policies, economy, and institutional reforms across Nigeria and Africa. He can be reached on X @amkareto and via email at amkareto@gmail.com.

Borno 2027: The General’s Charge and How Zulum Unleashes Borno’s Heavyweight Political Squad

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Two Notorious Terrorist Leaders Haruna Balatoni and Black Neutralised in Plateau Military Offensive Another Fatally Wounded as Six AK-47 Rifles Returned

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Two Notorious Terrorist Leaders Haruna Balatoni and Black Neutralised in Plateau Military Offensive Another Fatally Wounded as Six AK-47 Rifles Returned

By: Zagazola Makama

Troops of the Nigerian Army have recorded major breakthroughs in ongoing offensive operations against armed criminal networks in Plateau State, neutralising two notorious terrorist leaders, critically wounding another and recovering six AK-47 rifles previously seized from security forces.

The latest developments followed sustained military offensives at Dajin Madam in Wase Local Government Area of Plateau State on November 8, 2026.

Security sources disclosed that HUMINT reports received at about 8:53 a.m. on November 9 indicated that the intensity of the military operation had resulted in the neutralisation of two suspected terrorist leaders identified as Haruna Balatoni and Black.

Another notorious figure, identified as Dogo Mai Kunkuru, was reportedly shot in the chest and left in a critical condition, with sources indicating that his chances of survival were slim.

In a significant development on November 10, the sustained military pressure reportedly compelled the terrorist network, through an intermediary identified as Ali-Kwara, to return six AK-47 rifles previously seized from security forces.

The recovered weapons are currently in military custody.
In a related operation, troops of 173 Battalion deployed at Mansur rescued a kidnapped mother and her daughter and recovered 39 cattle.

The developments represent a significant disruption of the criminal network’s leadership, weapons stockpile and capacity to sustain operations in the Wase axis.
The recovery of the six rifles is particularly important as it restores weapons previously lost to the criminal network and provides an opportunity for further intelligence exploitation.

The latest successes underscore the impact of sustained offensive pressure, intelligence-driven operations and military presence in dismantling armed groups operating across Plateau State.

The reported deaths of the terrorist leaders and the condition of Dogo Mai Kunkuru are based on preliminary HUMINT assessments and remain subject to independent military confirmation

Two Notorious Terrorist Leaders Haruna Balatoni and Black Neutralised in Plateau Military Offensive Another Fatally Wounded as Six AK-47 Rifles Returned

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