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The Sahel Descent: Illusion of Russian Mercenaries-Lessons for Nigeria and Africa

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The Sahel Descent: Illusion of Russian Mercenaries-Lessons for Nigeria and Africa

•Why Wagner betrayed Africa—and what Nigeria must learn fast.
•Russia’s mercenaries promised security. They delivered bloodshed, racism, and catastrophic failure. Now the jihadists are at the gates—and Nigeria could be next.

By Oumarou Sanou

Bamako is burning—again, and the African Union, the regional body tasked with promoting peace and security, is panicking. The capital of Mali, once a proud symbol of West African resilience, now teeters on the brink of collapse, not from foreign invasion but from jihadists who have outlasted coups, crushed alliances, and exposed the hollowness of the “sovereign security” promised by military juntas and their Russian backers. What began as a bold pledge to “restore stability and reclaim dignity” has descended into chaos, bloodshed, racism, and betrayal—the tragic proof that mercenaries cannot buy peace, and juntas cannot govern by force. The Sahel’s descent is not just Mali’s tragedy—it is a warning to Nigeria and the entire region.

When Mali’s coup leaders expelled French and UN forces and turned to Russia’s Wagner Group in 2021, they sold their citizens a dangerous illusion: that imported soldiers of fortune would succeed where legitimate institutions had failed. Three years later, the results are catastrophic. Jihadist groups are advancing toward Bamako, civilians are dying in record numbers, and the mercenaries once paraded as “liberators” have turned Mali’s soil into a graveyard of false hope.

According to conflict monitors, nearly 3,000 civilians have been killed since Wagner’s arrival—many at the hands of their supposed protectors. Entire communities have been wiped out, markets torched, and villages erased under the pretext of “counterterrorism operations.”

The recently leaked documentary March on Azawad—a chilling self-portrait of Russian mercenaries—reveals the futility and racism embedded in their operations. Wagner veterans, now safely back in Russia, describe Malian soldiers as “cowards” and “thieves,” mocking the very people they were paid to defend. Their disdain echoes the systemic racism of Russian society, where ethnic minorities are treated as expendable cannon fodder. These mercenaries, steeped in bigotry and violence, brought to Africa not solidarity, but supremacy — the same dehumanising ideology that drives their atrocities in Ukraine, Libya, and now the Sahel.

The brutality Wagner displays toward African civilians is not aberrational—it is a feature, not a bug. These mercenaries carry to Africa the same racism they practice at home against ethnic minorities in Russia’s own territories. In Chechnya, Dagestan, and other non-Russian regions, minorities face systemic discrimination, violence, and marginalisation. When these fighters arrive in Mali, Burkina Faso, and Niger, they bring that contempt with them.

Their crimes are well-documented. In Moura, central Mali, at least 500 civilians were massacred in a single operation in March 2022. Men were executed, women assaulted, and children mutilated—atrocities gleefully shared in private Wagner Telegram channels like “White Uncles in Africa +18”, where mercenaries celebrated their brutality with the depraved language of white supremacy. To them, African civilians and terrorists were indistinguishable—both expendable, both “sand people.” This is not counterterrorism. It is a campaign of dehumanisation.

Behind Wagner’s bloody record lies a simple motive: profit. The mercenaries did not come for Pan-African solidarity; they came for gold. Mali pays Wagner not only in cash but in mineral concessions—trading sovereignty for survival. One mercenary admits in the documentary that recovering and seizing gold mines was part of their operational “successes.” They looted everything: motorcycles, trucks, excavation equipment. Mali’s resources now flow to Moscow, while its people bleed in silence.

What began as a “security partnership” quickly degenerated into an extractive occupation. Wagner’s recklessness and racial contempt alienated communities, fractured the Malian army, and emboldened jihadists. The July 2024 defeat at Tinzawaten, where 84 Russian mercenaries died alongside dozens of Malian troops, was not an exception—it was the predictable outcome of arrogance and incompetence. The withdrawal of Wagner and its rebranding as “Africa Corps” in 2025 has done little to stem the tide. Today, Bamako stands at the edge of jihadist capture.

The implications for West Africa—and especially Nigeria—are profound. Insecurity in Mali, Burkina Faso, and Niger does not remain contained; it metastasises. Jihadist groups like JNIM and ISGS have expanded their operations southward, exploiting porous borders, ungoverned spaces, and weak regional coordination. Refugees fleeing the Sahel are already straining Nigeria’s northern communities, while arms trafficking and extremist propaganda infiltrate the hinterland and towns. The possible fall of Bamako would open another corridor of terror stretching from the Maghreb to the Gulf of Guinea—an arc of instability that could engulf the entire subregion. This underscores the need for robust international collaboration in addressing the crisis.

Nigeria must heed this warning with urgency and clarity.

Unlike Mali’s junta, Nigeria has—so far—resisted the temptation of outsourcing its sovereignty to foreign mercenaries. This path has been slow, imperfect, and riddled with challenges, but it is fundamentally different. They have so far relied on their national forces, accountable—however imperfectly—to the constitution, and also engage regional structures such as ECOWAS and the Multinational Joint Task Force, a collaborative security initiative involving several African countries. Nigeria collaborate internationally while preserving national agency.
This is the only sustainable route to lasting peace.

But Nigeria must not grow complacent. Their military architecture still faces serious weaknesses—underfunding, corruption, rights abuses, and inadequate intelligence coordination. Reform is not optional; it is urgent. The country needs a people-centred security strategy built on trust, legitimacy, and professionalism. That means investing in their troops, strengthening community-based intelligence, enhancing regional cooperation, and tackling the root causes that jihadists exploit: poverty, exclusion, and bad governance.

For the rest of Africa, the lesson from the Sahel is brutally clear: mercenaries do not save nations—they strip them bare. Authoritarian juntas that cloak repression in “sovereignty” only invite further collapse. Imported guns or imperial contracts cannot secure Africa’s stability. It must be built through accountable institutions, regional solidarity, and the courage to confront our internal failings head-on.

Mali’s tragedy is a mirror. It shows what happens when desperation replaces strategy, and when sovereignty becomes a slogan for repression. The fall of Bamako—if it happens—will not just be Mali’s failure; it will be a continental warning. Nigeria must learn, act, and lead—because in today’s Sahel, those who chase shortcuts to security end up losing both peace and power.

Oumarou Sanou is a social critic, Pan-African observer and researcher focusing on governance, security, and political transitions in the Sahel. He writes on geopolitics, regional stability, and the evolving dynamics of African leadership. Contact: sanououmarou386@gmail.com

The Sahel Descent: Illusion of Russian Mercenaries-Lessons for Nigeria and Africa

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Army trolls in Adamawa arrest major drug supplier to terrorists

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Army trolls in Adamawa arrest major drug supplier to terrorists

By: Zagazola Makama

Troops of Operation Hadin Kai (OPHK) have arrested a suspected major drug supplier to Boko Haram and ISWAP terrorists operating across parts of Borno and Adamawa.

The suspect, identified as Zubairu Muhammad, 45, was arrested at about 6:30 a.m. on Tuesday by troops of 232 Battalion (Tactical), Uba, Adamawa State.

Sources told Zagazola Makama that Muhammad is believed to be one of the major suppliers of cannabis sativa and crystal meth (popularly known as ICE) to terrorists through the Askira-Uba, Chibok, Michika and Damboa corridors.

According to the source, the troops recovered 14 blocks of cannabis sativa valued at over N1 million, and 43 grams of ICE, valued at more than N3 million, from the suspect.

He was also found with two Army camouflage T-shirts, which he allegedly used while delivering illicit substances to terrorists.

The source said preliminary investigation had been concluded, and that the exhibits would be handed over to the National Drug Law Enforcement Agency (NDLEA), Yola Command, for further action.

Army trolls in Adamawa arrest major drug supplier to terrorists

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Stop rascally behavior and reckless driving on maiduguri roads…Gubio warns keke napep riders

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Usmam Muhammed, sector commander, Borno state

Stop rascally behavior and reckless driving on maiduguri roads…Gubio warns keke napep riders

By: Bodunrin kayode

Chairman Borno State Civil Service Commission Dr Bulama Gubio has called on young people in the state to reduce their irresponsible actions with keke NAPEP during weddings and related ceremonies which makes them over excited and drive recklessly in the streets of maiduguri.

Dr Gubio is miffed about the excesses of the younger generation mostly keke napep drivers who use the tricycle as an excitement toy driving with reckless abandon sometimes killing themselves in the process without fear of reprimand.

Gubio who is a member of the Borno state traditional council and secretary of the elders forum in the state called on the federal Road Safety Corp (FRSC) to work on the annoying excesses of the Keke napep riders who have caused a lot of trouble for commuters in the state capital adding that they operate with a lot of impunity which is not found in the pattern of the government drivers whom he said were better behaved.

Dr Gubio asked the FRSC to increase the enlightenment of even the resident commuters on the use of the commercial keke riders even as they entrust their lives into the hands of the the reckless riders among them because some of them are definitely on induced substances before they come into the roads breaking traffic and driving very roughly even contesting the major roads with bigger cars and sometimes killer trailers.

Dr Gubio actually made these remarks during the 2025 special marshals sectoral workshop, RS12.2 of the Borno state command held this week at the Elkanemi Hall of the State owned Ramat Polytechnic in Maiduguri.

Also admonishing the gathering on the use of Borno roads, Sector Commander of the FRSC Usman Mohammed condemned the behavior of some of the keke napep riders in the state capital describing them as down right recalcitrant elements.

He regretted that in their obstinate posture towards any form of control, a lot of them have fallen under the hammer of stiff fines sometimes as high as N50,000 for offenses yet they continue to repeat the same charges even when driving passengers.

Mohammed told this reporter that with the increased security in the state capital, his team will continue to do their lawful best to reduce the unnecessary carnage on the major roads of the Maiduguri metropolis and even the adjoining highways to the zones.

He decried the lingering excesses of the Keke napep riders within the Maiduguri metropolis adding that most of them are just stubborn and would not take instant correction which is why he sometimes had to stop traffic himself, arrest erring ones and give them on the spot education and correction for their offenses.

The Sector Commander said that because of their high number in terms of population, his men are on high alert with other collaborating agencies to stem the tide of these numerous excesses of these riders with a view to reduce same to the barest minimum.

On the alleged sluggishness of the union leaders to control their erring members, he maintained that they have been doing their best because some of them even boy-cut registration to avoid being caught making it an endless litany of woes coupled with the burden of facing another new set of wrong doers mobilizing into the highways each new day which is really tedious.

He added that it was not true that the excesses of the riders was due to the unenlightened nature of the leaders as posited by road watchers adding that the leaders are enlightened, but its just that the riders are recalcitrant by the way they go about driving their tricycles recklessly in the town.

“Since we cant get all of them at the same time, what we do is to stop four or five of them at the same time. I have stopped many in that pattern to talk to them and they listen to my lectures on their wrong doings and some do repent.

“Without mincing words, just recently, we arrested over seven of them because of unnecessary over loading etc. We have brought out a time schedule to make them fall in line to see how we can correct some of these excesses. So we are doing a lot to sort out these challenges.

” As a matter of fact, some of their union officials have come to commend us that they are very happy with the way we are going about handling the recalcitrant ones among them.

On enlightenment of the officials,” you see they are home based, they have limits with which they can handle these keke napep members who are committing all these offenses on our roads, however, we have been having enlightenment campaigns on these riders and we do hope to get there one day.

Speaking during the opening ceremony of the workshop, the State Coordinator, special marshal RS12.2 Borno sector command, Mohammed Dahaya commended road users in the society for gracing the 2025 Special Marshals bi-annual Sectoral Workshop adding that their presence, despite the economic and security challenges coupled with their regular tight schedule is a testimony of their love for the FRSC as well as their commitment to safety of lives and properties on our roads.


He said that the Special Marshals were a group of Volunteers, established under section 10(1) of the FRSC statute, as defined in the FRSC establishment Act 2007 adding that the roles and constitutional responsibilities of Special Marshals include Advocacy and support, Patrol Operations, Enforcement and Education in all ramifications of human activities without any pecuniary interest, meaning they are not paid for the services rendered to the society.


‎Special Marshals he noted believe that the beauty of life doesn’t depend only on how happy you are but how happy you make others which is why, the most impactful thing to do in life is to help someone in need stressing that the worth of life is not in its duration but in its donations to humanity.

‎”we still need the support of all, morally and financially to be able to achieve our desired goals and objectives for efficient and effective services to humanity.
‎Your labour of love will not be in vain.” He concluded.


‎Present at the occasion were several dignitaries including the representatives of the Ministry of Transport And Energy, Aliyu Buba, The General manager, Borno Express Transport Corporation, Grema Kyari, The Vice Chancellor Kashim Ibrahim University, Prof. Babagana Gutti, Special Marshal Engr. Shettima Abdullahi and The Chairmen NARTO Borno State Council Jidda Bishara.

Stop rascally behavior and reckless driving on maiduguri roads…Gubio warns keke napep riders

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FCT Designated for Implementation of NESREA / UNEP Innovative Waste Management Pilot Project

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FCT Designated for Implementation of NESREA / UNEP Innovative Waste Management Pilot Project

By: Michael Mike

The National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA) with the support of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) has began the process of reforming the waste management system in the country.

Also, the Federal Capital Territory, FCT has been designated as the pilot state for the implementation of the reforms.

In order to put the necessary frameworks in place to achieve this, the agency hosted two separate two-day consultative workshops with relevant stakeholders.

The first workshop aimed to consolidate report on recommendations for Legislative and Institutional Reforms in the Waste Management Sector in Nigeria, whilst the second workshop looked at the specific measures on the better inclusion of informal structures and workers in the reforms.

The workshops are part of the UNDA-funded Project on Environmentally Sound and Safe Waste Management Frameworks in Africa, being implemented by UNEP in collaboration with other UN agencies across three African countries Guinea-Bissau, Nigeria, and Sierra Leone.

Director General of NESREA, Prof. Innocent Barikor in his remarks described the project as timely, coming at a time when Nigeria is implementing the circular economy with a view to promoting resource efficiency and the creation of green jobs.

He disclosed that under the project, the Federal Capital Territory, FCT has been designated as the pilot state for the implementation of the reforms, noting the vital role of the waste management sector in safeguarding public health, ensuring environmental sustainability and enhancing the quality of life in communities.

He said: “Over the years, waste management has remained one of the key environmental and developmental challenges in Nigeria. Despite efforts to develop policies and plans, Nigeria continues to face significant challenges in managing waste, including inadequate infrastructure, insufficient funding, and lack of public awareness. to address this, NESREA, in collaboration with the United Nations Environment Programme under the Montevideo Programme V for the Development and Periodic Review of Environmental Law, is implementing this pilot project in Abuja.”

Barikor disclosed that the objective of the project was to strengthen the waste management framework with the aim of promoting environmentally sound and safe management of waste in Nigeria, while ensuring better inclusion and protection of informal workers and structures; as well as the integration of waste segregation.

He expressed the belief that the National Waste Marketplace Programme recently unveiled by NESREA, and the implementation of the Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) Programme would further boost effective waste management in line with global best practices.

He noted that: “The Marketplace intends to link waste pickers, collectors, recyclers in an innovative manner that provides benefits and allow stakeholders to interface. It will give room for financial support, insurance support and incentives. Cooperatives will also be on the space. The direction is to move towards entrenching global best practices.”

Representative of UNEP, Aphrodite Smagadi in a goodwill message said the success of the reforms depend to a large extent on meaningful engagement and integration of all stakeholders including governments institutions, the private sector, civil society, as well as the informal sector.

While thanking NESREA for convening the forum, the Director, Climate Change, Federal Ministry of Environment, Dr. Iniobong Abiola-Awe said despite the challenge posed by waste management, it represents an opportunity to turn waste into wealth, pollution into innovation and environmental risk into green enterprise.

Represented by a Chief Scientific Officer, Uduak Ekpa, Dr. Abiola-Awe added, “Nigeria generates over 32 million tonnes of solid waste annually comprising a wide range of waste types, including, food waste, plastics, paper, textiles, metals, glass and hazardous materials such as electronic and medical waste. These waste streams pose distinct challenges and require tailored approach for collection, treatment and disposal.”

The workshops had participants drawn from Ministries, Departments and Agencies of government including Federal Ministry of Environment, Abuja Environmental Protection Board, Ministry of Labour and Employment, Ministry of Youth Development Waste Pickers Association of Nigeria, Women Environmental Programme, as well as recyclers.

Participants analyzed best practices from the different parts of the world and made recommendations.

FCT Designated for Implementation of NESREA / UNEP Innovative Waste Management Pilot Project

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