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The Sahel: Seeing Through Russia’s Disinformation Playbook in Africa
The Sahel: Seeing Through Russia’s Disinformation Playbook in Africa
By: Umarou Sanou
Africa is no stranger to foreign influence, be it from superpowers or emerging powers, from the West to the East, from Washington to Beijing, from the Kremlin to Paris, and from Tel Aviv to Tehran, among others. But what is unfolding today in the Sahel goes beyond influence; it is a deliberate, structured campaign of manipulation, carefully engineered through narratives, proxies, and disinformation.
Russia’s growing footprint in Africa, particularly across the Sahel, is often presented as solidarity, anti-imperialism, and strategic partnership. Yet beneath this carefully crafted messaging lies a far more calculated agenda: shaping African public opinion to serve Moscow’s geopolitical interests, especially its war in Ukraine, while offering little in real developmental value.
The uncomfortable truth is this: Russia has far more to gain from Africa than Africa has to gain from Russia.
Recent investigative work by Forbidden Stories has shed rare light on what can only be described as a coordinated influence architecture. Leaked documents attributed to Russian intelligence outline a clear objective to “reformat the African space” by building a belt of friendly regimes. Africa, in this framing, is not a partner. It is a theatre of operations.
At the centre of this strategy is the Sahel. The Alliance of Sahel States, comprising Mali, Burkina Faso, and Niger, is projected as a bold symbol of sovereignty and resistance. But in reality, it risks becoming a geopolitical outpost, a testing ground in the wider contest between Russia and the West. The rhetoric is powerful. The outcomes, however, remain underwhelming.
Security has not improved. Terrorist groups continue to expand their operational space. Economic transformation remains elusive. What has grown instead is a sophisticated machinery of influence.
This machinery operates quietly but effectively. Journalists are approached under the guise of partnerships, only to be offered payments for sponsored narratives.
Influencers and cultural figures are recruited to amplify pro-Russian messaging. Youth forums and pan-African platforms are repurposed as ideological channels. Entire media ecosystems are being constructed to bypass critical voices and flood the information space with curated content.
This is not engagement. It is infiltration. The real danger, however, lies not just in the content of these narratives, but in how they are constructed. They are tailored to resonate deeply with African history, invoking anti-colonial struggles, pan-African solidarity, and resistance to Western dominance.
The language is familiar. The appeal is emotional.
But it is also deceptive. Because rejecting one form of external influence only to embrace another is not liberation: it is substitution.
Russia presents itself as a champion against imperialism. Yet its actions tell a different story. From its conduct in Ukraine to its historical approach to internal dissent, Moscow’s record raises serious questions about the values it claims to export. It is difficult to position oneself as anti-imperialist while engaging in actions that mirror the very practices one condemns.
This contradiction is not accidental. It is strategic. Narratives, after all, are instruments of power. In the Sahel, these narratives are spreading like soap bubbles; colourful, attractive, and easy to absorb. But like all bubbles, they lack substance. They promise partnership without delivery, solidarity without sacrifice, and security without stability.
And yet, they are gaining traction. Part of the reason lies in Africa’s historical vulnerability to external storytelling. From colonial rule to Cold War alignments, the continent has often been positioned as an arena for competing global interests rather than as an autonomous actor. Today, that pattern risks repeating itself, this time through digital platforms, information warfare, and narrative manipulation.
But Africa’s challenges have evolved. The continent is no longer grappling with colonialism as its primary concern. The real issues today are governance, development, and security. The Sahel does not need competing propaganda. It needs functioning institutions. It does not need ideological alignment. It needs jobs, infrastructure, and stability.
It certainly does not need to be drawn into geopolitical rivalries that do not serve its interests.
Russia cannot solve these problems, and the evidence is increasingly clear. Where Russian-backed security arrangements have taken root, instability has persisted and, in some cases, deepened. Armed groups continue to exploit governance vacuums. Civilian populations remain vulnerable. Regional spillovers are affecting neighbouring countries, including Nigeria, Benin, and Ghana.
At the same time, Russia’s economic footprint in Africa remains limited. Trade volumes are modest compared to other global partners. Investment levels are low. Developmental impact is minimal.
In essence, the offer is simple: narratives in exchange for influence. This is not a partnership. It is a transaction.
None of this suggests that Africa should disengage from Russia or any other global power. Strategic engagement remains necessary in a complex world. But such engagement must be grounded in realism, not rhetoric.
Africa must judge its partners not by what they say, but by what they deliver. More importantly, Africa must begin to tell its own story.
The spread of disinformation in the Sahel is not solely a foreign problem. It is also a reflection of domestic vulnerabilities: weak institutions, underfunded media, and limited digital literacy. Addressing these gaps is as critical as countering external interference.
Journalists must uphold professional integrity and resist inducements that compromise credibility. Influencers and cultural voices must recognise their responsibility in shaping public discourse. Governments must invest in media literacy and transparent communication.
And citizens, especially the youth, must learn to question, verify, and think critically. Because ultimately, the battle is not just for territory or alliances. It is for the African mind.
Russia’s disinformation template in the Sahel is sophisticated and persistent. But it is not invincible. Its strength lies in perception, and once that perception is challenged, its influence weakens.
Africa stands at a defining moment. It can continue to be a stage for external ambitions, or it can assert itself as an actor, confident, strategic, and guided by its own interests.
The choice is clear. Africa does not need another patron. It needs clarity, sovereignty, and strategic discipline. And above all, it must learn to see through the illusion.
Umarou Sanou is a social critic, Pan-African observer, and researcher focusing on governance, security, and political transitions in the Sahel. He writes on geopolitics, regional stability, and African leadership dynamics.
Contact: sanououmarou386@gmail.com
The Sahel: Seeing Through Russia’s Disinformation Playbook in Africa
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WHEN TERRORISTS MOCK THE STATE
WHEN TERRORISTS MOCK THE STATE
By Sa’adiyyah Adebisi Hassan
A retired Major General is kidnapped and dies in captivity. Soldiers are ambushed and killed in Kaduna. Troops are attacked in Borno. Farmers are slaughtered in Zamfara. Villages continue to live under the shadow of fear. Families sell their property to pay ransom. Children grow up knowing the sound of gunfire better than the sound of peace. Yet the Nigerian state continues to behave as though these are isolated incidents instead of symptoms of a national security emergency.
At what point do we stop pretending?
At what point do we stop calling this “security challenges” and start admitting that armed criminal groups have become bold enough to openly challenge the authority of the Nigerian state?
Because that is exactly what is happening.
The death of Major General Abubakar Rabe in captivity should have shaken every office in Abuja. This was not an ordinary citizen hidden away in a remote village. This was a retired General, a man who spent years serving the nation. If criminals can abduct and hold a retired General until he dies in captivity, what message does that send to the ordinary teacher, farmer, trader, student, doctor or civil servant?
The message is simple and frightening: nobody feels untouchable anymore.
And that is why public frustration is boiling over.
The most dangerous thing happening in Nigeria is not just that terrorists and bandits are killing people. The most dangerous thing is that they increasingly appear unafraid of the consequences. Fear is supposed to flow in one direction, from criminals toward the state. In Nigeria, that equation appears dangerously reversed. Citizens fear criminals. Criminals seem less fearful of the state.
That should terrify every serious leader.
And then there is another question that many Nigerians are asking, even if officials do not like hearing it.
How can violent criminal networks continue to communicate, negotiate ransoms, circulate videos, move money and maintain support structures without creating intelligence opportunities?
✅Modern criminality leaves footprints.
✅Phones leave footprints.
✅SIM cards leave footprints.
✅Financial transactions leave footprints.
✅Internet activity leaves footprints.
✅Movement leaves footprints.
✅Communication leaves footprints.
✅Nothing simply appears from thin air.
Which is why many Nigerians become angry when they see stories of suspected bandits or criminal sympathizers flaunting wealth online, building audiences, distributing money or creating influence networks while communities they helped terrorize are burying their dead.
Every person is entitled to due process and evidence matters. But any serious country would investigate suspicious financial ecosystems around violent criminal networks aggressively and relentlessly.
Because terrorism is not sustained by bullets alone.
✅It is sustained by money.
✅It is sustained by logistics.
✅It is sustained by information.
✅It is sustained by collaborators.
✅It is sustained by people willing to normalize evil because there is money attached to it.
✅No terrorist organization survives in complete isolation.
✅Someone supplies information.
✅Someone moves money.
✅Someone facilitates communication.
✅Someone benefits.
That is why successful counterterrorism operations across the world do not focus only on gunmen in forests. They focus on the entire ecosystem that keeps the violence alive.
Nigeria’s problem is that it often appears to be chasing the symptoms while the disease continues growing.
A kidnapping gang should not only be viewed as armed men carrying rifles.
It should be viewed as a network.
A terror cell should not only be viewed as fighters.
It should be viewed as financiers, recruiters, propagandists, informants, transporters, suppliers and digital facilitators.
Destroy the network and the gunmen become isolated.
Ignore the network and new gunmen appear.
That is the lesson serious countries learned long ago.
The second lesson is even more important: intelligence wins wars before soldiers do.
A nation of over two hundred million people should not be relying primarily on reaction. It should be relying on anticipation.
The future of security is intelligence fusion.
✅Telecom intelligence.
✅Financial intelligence.
✅Cyber intelligence.
✅Human intelligence.
✅Border intelligence.
✅Geospatial intelligence.
All operating from one integrated national threat platform.
Not twenty agencies protecting twenty databases while criminals exploit the gaps.
The truth is that Nigeria does not have a shortage of brave soldiers. It does not have a shortage of brave police officers. It does not have a shortage of brave intelligence personnel.
What it appears to suffer from is a shortage of speed, integration, accountability and coordination.
And criminals thrive inside those gaps.
That is why every major attack must trigger a hard question: what information existed before the attack, who had it, what was done with it and why did prevention fail?
Those questions are not anti-government.
Those questions are pro-accountability.
Because the purpose of security is not explaining attacks after they happen.
The purpose of security is preventing them from happening in the first place.
The greatest tragedy in all of this is that Nigerians are gradually becoming emotionally exhausted. Every day brings another headline. Another abduction. Another ambush. Another funeral. Another community attacked. Another family destroyed.
No country should normalize that.
No society should accept that.
No government should become comfortable with that.
The death of Major General Abubakar Rabe, the killing of soldiers, the slaughter of farmers and the endless stream of kidnappings are not separate stories. They are warnings. Warnings that criminals are testing the limits of state authority every single day.
The question now is whether the state intends to reclaim that authority decisively, intelligently and relentlessly or continue issuing statements while citizens continue counting the dead.
Because a nation is not judged by the speeches of its leaders.
It is judged by whether its people can live without fear.
And right now, too many Nigerians are afraid.
WHEN TERRORISTS MOCK THE STATE
Uncategorized
Gov Mbah Lauds DSS, Army, Others as He Inspects Arms Cache Seized From ESN Terrorists
Gov Mbah Lauds DSS, Army, Others as He Inspects Arms Cache Seized From ESN Terrorists
*Thanks President Tinubu for Supporting States To Fight Insecurity
By: Michael Mike
Governor Peter Mbah of Enugu State on Friday commended the Department of State Services (DSS), the Nigerian Army, and the Nigeria Police for their commitment to securing Nigeria and the Southeast geopolitical zone in particular.
The Governor gave the commendation shortly after visiting the State’s DSS headquarters where he inspected a cache of arms and ammunition recovered on Tuesday from commanders of the outlawed Eastern Security Network (ESN) in the State.
During the raid on ESN armoury, DSS operatives, backed by troops of the 82 Division of the Nigerian Army, recovered a large cache of high-calibre arms and ammunition.
Governor Mbah inspected some of the recovered weapons, including
a rocket launcher, two RPG (rocket propelled grenades) warheads, three RPG chargers, 11 AK-47 rifles, and over 610 rounds of NATO 7.62×39 mm ammunition, and National Youth Service Corps (NYSC) uniforms and lanyards.
Accompanied by the Division’s Garrison Commander, Brig. Gen Abubakar Suru, State Commissioner of Police, Bitrus Giwa, and other government officials, Mbah praised the hard work and collaboration among security agencies in the country.
According to the governor, but for the diligence and intelligence of the DSS and sister security agencies, , the recovered arms and ammunition would have been used by the ESN terrorists to wreck havoc across the South and paint a false picture that insecurity has taken over Nigeria.
Governor Mbah called on Nigerians to, irrespective of their political and religious affiliations, support efforts by President Bola Tinubu to tackle insecurity.
He thanked President Tinubu for supporting states to tackle insecurity, saying the President’s effort is the reason for the successes being recorded by security agencies across the states.
Security sources disclosed that the raid on the ESN armoury came on the heels of intelligence gathered from some arrested ESN members, that the terrorist organization was planning to unleash terror on Enugu and other Southeast States, and create panic and the false impression that bandits have invaded the region.
The Enugu recovery came two days before the Federal High Court in Abuja sentenced five members of a band of notorious bandits each to 25 years in prison for assisting the gunmen who, on November 21, 2025, attacked and abducted students and staff of St. Mary’s Catholic School in Papiri, Niger State.
The five convicts were arrested by DSS operatives in separate operations last week.
Gov Mbah Lauds DSS, Army, Others as He Inspects Arms Cache Seized From ESN Terrorists
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Army Distributes Fertiliser to Farmers in Jigawa Under Civil-Military Cooperation Programme
Army Distributes Fertiliser to Farmers in Jigawa Under Civil-Military Cooperation Programme
By: Zagazola Makama
The Nigerian Army has distributed 40 bags of fertiliser to selected farmers in Jigawa State as part of its Civil-Military Cooperation (CIMIC) activities aimed at supporting local communities and enhancing agricultural productivity.
Security sources reliably informed that the distribution exercise was carried out on Thursday at Dahuwa Primary School in Chamo District of Dutse Local Government Area.
According to the sources, the Commander of the 26 Armoured Brigade, Brig.-Gen. O.I. Odigie, represented the Chief of Army Staff (COAS) during the event.
The fertiliser was distributed to selected farmers drawn from communities within the brigade’s area of responsibility as part of efforts to strengthen relations between the military and host communities while supporting food production.
The sources said the initiative forms part of the Nigerian Army’s broader commitment to community development and socio-economic support programmes across the country.
The event was conducted peacefully and without any security incident.
Army Distributes Fertiliser to Farmers in Jigawa Under Civil-Military Cooperation Programme
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