World
Vienna Talks for the Removal of Sanctions
Vienna Talks for the Removal of Sanctions
By: Hossein Amir-Abdollahian
Iran is serious, acts in good faith, and considers the practical and tangible result to be the removal of sanctions.
The path travelled
The path travelled during six rounds of intensive negotiations in Vienna did not lead to success due to the US excessive demands and unrealistic stances. Now we are starting a new round of talks. The main goal of these negotiations is the restoration of the rights of the Iranian nation and removal of all the sanctions imposed unilaterally and extraterritorially on Iran by the United States which is no longer a party to the JCPOA. The US pulled out of the JCPOA on 08 May 2018–a measure perceived and condemned internationally as unlawful. There is international consensus that these unlawful US behaviors demonstrate a total contempt for the international law and the UN Charter, undermine multilateralism, and pose enormous menace to international peace and security.
Despite the formation of a new government in the United States, not only have the illegal and unilateral sanctions remained in place, but the policy of imposing sanctions on Iran has continued to exist. It is crystal clear that such US measures are aimed at preventing Iran and other JCPOA participants as well as other members of the international community from enjoying the rights and benefits described in the nuclear deal and UNSC Resolution 2231. Regrettably, too, the governments of the three European parties to the JCPOA, despite considering such a US approach as illegal and unacceptable, moved to accommodate it in practice with their silence and inaction. The alignment of the three JCPOA European countries with such devastating US measures has rendered the nuclear deal ineffective, eliminating all the economic dividends of the deal for Iran. These are the bitter realities of the past several years which should illuminate the way forward to the future.
Continuing Trump’s disastrous approach by the present US administration has raised the serious question of whether or not the present US administration is truly determined to implement its obligations and prepared to abandon the past failed policies. Answering this question does not appear difficult considering the US approach and measures during the past months.
No one can indeed question Iran’s seriousness and goodwill in fulfilling its obligations in their entirety. After the unlawful US withdrawal and the imposition of sanctions, Iran refrained from remedial measures in good faith, and, granting the request of the remaining JCPOA participants and the European Union as the coordinator of the nuclear deal, avoided resorting to the cessation of its commitments under the JCPOA so as to provide the opportunity for other JCPOA participants to compensate for the negative impacts of the US withdrawal. However, given the persistence of this unconstructive state of affairs and after one year of strategic patience, due to the escalation of US sanctions, and non-performance of the obligations of the three European countries, Iran was left with no choice but to enforce its rights as set forth in paragraphs 26 and 36 of the JCPOA and cease, partially and in stages, performing its obligations as of 08 May 2019.
Witnessing no change in the status quo, in the absence of an effective measure by the relevant JCPOA participants, and given the regrettable history of developments, the parliament of Iran adopted, on 02 December 2020, the law of “the strategic action plan to lift sanctions and protect the interests of the Iranian nation”. This law obligated the government of Iran to gradually cease the implementation of all its voluntary commitments under the JCPOA unless other parties to the deal fulfill their entire obligations in practice.
The path ahead of Vienna talks
The Islamic Republic of Iran, in spite of significant non-performance by the West in the JCPOA, is once again ready, in good faith, for result-oriented negotiations to achieve a “good deal” with P4+1. The Islamic Republic of Iran has “good faith”, serious determination, and the necessary will to reach a good deal in Vienna.
In this process, it should never be forgotten that the United States is the main culprit behind the creation of the status quo. In the past four years, the government of the United States has spared no effort to crush the nuclear deal, and it was Iran that did all it could to keep the deal alive. What became evident to Iran during the past six rounds of negotiations is that the United States still fails to properly understand the fact that there is no way to return to the JCPOA without verifiable and effective lifting of all sanctions imposed on the Iranian nation after the US departure.
The United Nations Security Council Resolution 2231 calls upon all the member states to “take such actions as may be appropriate to support the implementation of the JCPOA, including by taking actions commensurate with the implementation plan set out in the JCPOA and this resolution and by refraining from actions that undermine the implementation of commitments under the JCPOA.”
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The main objective of the upcoming talks should be the full and effective implementation of the JCPOA and the pursuit of the goal of normalization of trade relations and economic cooperation with Iran. It goes without saying that in order to return to the JCPOA, Iran should benefit fully from the lifting of all the sanctions. Iran is prepared to cease application of all its remedial measures if guarantees are provided, damages are assessed, and all sanctions are effectively and verifiably lifted.
The likely return of the US to the nuclear deal would not be meaningful unless guarantees are presented to prevent the recurrence of the bitter experience of the past and Iran’s trade partners could confidently enter into long term economic engagement with Iran free from any concern.
What is clear in the forthcoming negotiations is that Iran will not accept requests beyond the JCPOA. The Islamic Republic of Iran will not enter into any discussion whatsoever about issues beyond the nuclear deal.
I would like to emphasize once again that this opportunity is not a window that could remain open forever and the US and the three European countries must understand this well. The Islamic Republic of Iran, while making its determined, strong and active diplomatic efforts to remove the oppressive US sanctions, has devised an effective program to neutralize the sanctions in line with its sustainable economic development program.
Without doubt, Tehran remains as committed to maintaining and safeguarding the achievements of its nuclear scientists and peaceful nuclear industry as it remains obliged to non-diversion from its peaceful nuclear program, and will not abandon its comprehensive development in industry, trade, maritime, space, defense, science, and technology sectors, nor will it curtail its increasing economic development.
Deal is possible if other parties demonstrate political will in practice.
Despite the unfulfilled promises of the West and distrust towards the unconstructive approach and policies of the White House, the Islamic Republic of Iran will endeavor “with true determination” and “in good faith” in Vienna negotiations to achieve a “good,” sustainable and effective verifiable deal for the lifting of sanctions. The nuclear negotiating team of the Islamic Republic of Iran engages actively and earnestly in Vienna negotiations in good faith, pursuing a negotiation logic which secures the interests and rights of the Iranian nation. My colleagues and I fully support the negotiating team as well as the chief negotiator, Mr. Baqeri Kani, who has extensive experience of negotiation in the field. I will engage in further consultation with my counterparts if necessary
*Hossein Amir-Abdollahian is the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Islamic Republic of Iran
Vienna Talks for the Removal of Sanctions
News
Europe Leads Mobilization of €15.5 billion Investment in Clean Energy for Africa
Europe Leads Mobilization of €15.5 billion Investment in Clean Energy for Africa
By: Michael Mike
An investment of €15.5 billion has been secured to power a clean future across Africa, as well as additional commitments in clean energy generation and access for households to electricity as a result of a
year-long campaign to mobilise investments in renewable energy on the African continent, led by European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen and South African President Cyril Ramaphosa.
The European Union led the pledging effort, with more than €15.1 billion. This includes a pledge made by President von der Leyen, on behalf of Team Europe, of over €10 billion, as well as significant additional bilateral contributions by European financial institutions, Member States and their Development Finance Institutions, and estimated private investment mobilised.
The campaign, organised in collaboration with the international advocacy organisation Global Citizen and with the policy support of the International Energy Agency, according to a statement on Sunday by EU, was aimed at driving public and private investment in supporting the clean energy transition in Africa, expand access to electricity – and promote Africa’s sustainable economic growth and decarbonised industrialisation.
The statement added that this also represents a step up to accelerate the transition from fossil fuels to clean and sustainable energy globally.
President von der Leyen said: “Today, the world has stepped up for Africa. With €15.5 billion, we are turbocharging Africa’s clean-energy transition. Millions more people could gain access to electricity; real, life-changing power for families, for businesses, for entire communities. This investment is a surge of opportunity: thriving markets, new jobs, and reliable, clean energy that meets the needs of partners across the globe President Ramaphosa and I both look forward to a clean-energy future for the continent. A future led by Africa, with strong support from its friend and partner, Europe.”
The Team Europe package announced by President von der Leyen includes new Global Gateway projects co-financed with contributions from Germany, France, Denmark, Italy, the Netherlands, and Spain as well as the European Investment Bank (€2.1 billion) and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (€740 million). In addition, Italy (€2.4 billion), Germany (over €2 billion), the Netherlands including FMO (€250 million), Portugal (€113 million), Denmark (€81 million), Sweden (€44 million), Austria (€5 million), Ireland (€5 million) made bilateral contributions, worth over €5 billion, while the EBRD announced a separate bilateral investment of over €600 million.
In the context of the campaign, the African Development Bank pledged to allocate at least 20% of the African Development Fund’s 17th replenishment to renewable energy. Norway pledged approximately €53 million through their contribution to the African Development Fund over 2026-2028.
The campaign also secured additional commitments that will generate 26.8 GW generated renewable energy and bring renewable electricity to 17.5 million households a that currently live without reliable access.
From the €10 billion pledged by President von der Leyen on behalf of Team Europe, €3.1 billion were announced previously on the occasion of the EU-South Africa summit in March 2025, the Mattei Plan for Africa and Global Gateway event in June 2025, the Africa Climate Summit and the United Nations General Assembly in September 2025 and the Global Gateway Forum in October 2025, while €7 billion were announced by the President during the final pledging event in Johannesburg on 21 November.
A list of projects included in the announcement is available online, and in
addition to the campaign pledges, a number of Team Europe actors have indicated their intention to increase investments in renewable energy by 2030. This amounts to another €4 billion.
The ‘Scaling up Renewables in Africa’ campaign was launched in November 2024 in Rio de Janeiro by European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen and South African President Cyril Ramaphosa. Its aim was to drive new commitments on policy and finance from governments, financial institutions, the private sector and philanthropists. The campaign also created momentum more broadly towards the ambitious targets of tripling renewable energy and doubling energy efficiency worldwide, set at COP28.
Currently, 600 million people still lack access to electricity in Africa. With Africa’s population set to double by 2050, providing affordable, sustainable energy is crucial for both the continent’s development and global climate goals. Africa holds 60% of the world’s best solar resources, offering a significant opportunity for renewable energy.
Despite this, the continent attracts only 2% of global energy investment, and faces challenges like high capital costs, limited investment, geographic barriers, and supply chain constraints, but through the Global Gateway investment strategy, and in particular through the Africa-Europe Green Energy Initiative (AEGEI), the European Union is working with African partners to seize this opportunity. The EU is delivering major investments in renewable energy generation, transmission and cross-border electricity trade, while building long-term, reliable partnerships to support Africa’s clean energy future.
Europe Leads Mobilization of €15.5 billion Investment in Clean Energy for Africa
World
When Vice President Kashim Shettima Approaches the Podium at the 80th Session of the United Nations General Assembly in New York:A Moment of Courage and Pride for Nigeria
When Vice President Kashim Shettima Approaches the Podium at the 80th Session of the United Nations General Assembly in New York:A Moment of Courage and Pride for Nigeria
By: Dr. James Bwala
In the crowded halls of the United Nations General Assembly, global leaders converge to discuss pressing issues that impact humanity as a whole. It is within these moments that speeches have the power to ignite change, persuade nations, and inspire hope. When Vice President Kashim Shettima approaches the podium at the 80th session of the United Nations General Assembly in New York, the world acknowledges not only his courage but also his ability to articulate Nigeria’s vision on the global stage. Through his eloquence and passion, he emerges as a firebrand leader, sending the right messages and making Nigeria proud again.

Vice President Kashim Shettima’s background plays a crucial role in understanding his approach. As a seasoned politician with extensive experience in governance, particularly as the former Governor of Borno State, he has witnessed firsthand the complexities and challenges facing Nigeria. His tenure was marked by the struggle against Boko Haram and the need for humanitarian aid in one of the country’s most troubled regions. This intimate knowledge equips him with the credibility and depth required to discuss Nigeria’s role in international matters, from security to economic development.
President Bola Ahmed Tinubu knows very well why it has to be Vice President Kashim Shettima as his representative at the 80th session. The essence of Shettima’s speech lies in its persuasive power. As he stands before a diversified audience comprised of world leaders, diplomats, and representatives from various sectors, he emphasizes that Nigeria is not merely a recipient of aid but a vital player in addressing global issues. His message is clear: Nigeria has the capacity and determination to contribute solutions to problems such as terrorism, climate change, and poverty, rather than being viewed solely through the lens of its challenges. This pivotal argument shifts the narrative, compelling the international community to rethink its perception of Nigeria—a nation rich in resources, culture, and human potential.

Shettima’s assertive stance on security issues, especially on the case of Israel and Palestine, resonates deeply, particularly given Nigeria’s experiences with insurgency and violence. He boldly outlines how collective efforts are necessary to combat terrorism, emphasizing the significance of global cooperation. He calls for enhanced partnerships between nations to share intelligence, resources, and strategies. By framing Nigeria as an essential ally in the fight against extremism, he invites other countries to recognize their mutual interests and responsibilities, encouraging collaborative frameworks that transcend borders.
Central to Shettima’s persuasive rhetoric is his appeal to shared values of humanity and dignity. He interlaces data and statistics with poignant anecdotes, showcasing the human cost of insecurity and poverty—not only in Nigeria but globally. By humanizing abstract statistics, he crafts a narrative that is relatable and emotionally charged. This tactic is effective in engaging not just policymakers but also ordinary citizens, prompting them to rally behind Nigeria’s vision as a partner in progress. Shettima’s ability to evoke empathy while presenting facts elevates his speech beyond mere rhetoric; it becomes a call to action.

The vice president also addresses economic concerns, arguing for the inclusion of developing nations like Nigeria in discussions about sustainable development. Shettima passionately advocates for fair trade practices, investment in infrastructure, and support for local industries. He emphasizes that such initiatives will not only enhance Nigeria’s economy but will also create opportunities for global trade and investment. By positioning Nigeria as a hub for growth in Africa, he entices international investors to look beyond traditional markets. This strategic framing reinforces Nigeria’s relevance and potential in the evolving global economy.
Another significant aspect of Shettima’s address is his emphasis on youth empowerment. He recognizes that Nigeria harbors one of the largest youth populations in the world. This demographic, if nurtured correctly, can be a catalyst for innovation and change. Shettima’s advocacy for education, technology, and entrepreneurship highlights the critical need for investment in future generations. By aligning Nigeria’s priorities with those of the global community, he underscores that the success of today’s youth will shape a more prosperous future for all. His forward-thinking approach reflects a deep understanding of the interconnectedness of global challenges and the necessity of investing in human capital.

Additionally, Shettima makes a compelling case for climate action, linking it to Nigeria’s agricultural sector, which is significantly affected by climate change. He articulates the importance of sustainable agricultural practices and responsible resource management as crucial for food security. By advocating for climate resilience initiatives, he positions Nigeria as a partner in global sustainability efforts, reinforcing the idea that environmental issues are not isolated but require a united front for effective solutions.
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At the heart of Shettima’s speech is the theme of resilience. Much like Nigeria itself, which has faced numerous trials yet continues to forge ahead, the vice president embodies the spirit of perseverance. His acknowledgment of Nigeria’s struggles is not one of defeat but of growth and learning. By sharing stories of the nation’s progress, he inspires a sense of hope and possibility. This narrative becomes not just a reflection of Nigeria’s journey but a model for other nations grappling with their own challenges. Shettima’s unwavering optimism serves as a reminder that even in the face of adversity, there is always room for advancement through unity and collaboration.

Shettima’s charisma and commanding presence at the podium captivate his audience, creating an atmosphere charged with energy and excitement. His passion for his country and its people is palpable, allowing listeners to connect with his message on both intellectual and emotional levels. The authenticity of his delivery renders his arguments more compelling, making it difficult for attendees to dismiss Nigeria’s potential. In this manner, Shettima transcends the traditional mold of political discourse—he becomes a storyteller, drawing people into Nigeria’s narrative and inviting them to be part of the solution.
As the session unfolds, the reactions from the international community are telling. Leaders nod in agreement, journalists quickly draft headlines, and social media buzzes with supportive commentary. The world takes note: Nigeria is back on the map, not merely as a nation grappling with challenges but as a beacon of resilience and a contributor to global discourse.

There is no question as to why he is the best. Vice President Kashim Shettima’s speech at the 80th session of the United Nations General Assembly is a significant moment of pride for Nigeria. His courageous articulation of the country’s vision, combined with his persuasive approach, positions Nigeria as a key player on the global stage. By emphasizing cooperation, resilience, and the potential of its youth, Shettima not only sends a powerful message but also inspires a renewed sense of hope. As the world acknowledges his capacity as a leader, Nigeria’s emergence as a force for good is reaffirmed. In this pivotal moment, Shettima does not just make Nigeria proud—he also lays the foundation for a future where Nigeria is recognized not just for its struggles but for its contributions to the global community.
* James Bwala, PhD, writes from Abuja.
When Vice President Kashim Shettima Approaches the Podium at the 80th Session of the United Nations General Assembly in New York:A Moment of Courage and Pride for Nigeria
News
ECOWAS Court and Sierra Leone Government Organise Capacity-Building Training for Sierra Leone State Attorneys
ECOWAS Court and Sierra Leone Government Organise Capacity-Building Training for Sierra Leone State Attorneys
By: Michael Mike
The Community Court of Justice, ECOWAS Court in collaboration with the Office of the Attorney-General and Minister of Justice of Sierra Leone organised a capacity-building training for State Attorneys at the Law Officers’ Department.
The training held at the Sierra Leone Law School Complex and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Sierra Leone, is centred on ECOWAS Community law, practice and jurisprudence, among others.
In his remarks, Hon. Justice Sengu Mohamed Koroma, Vice-President of the ECOWAS Court said the training was designed to deepen participants’ knowledge of the Court and its judicial processes and procedures to ensure effective legal representation in the administration of justice. He stressed that cases from the Republic of Sierra Leone have been dismissed due to technicalities or procedural irregularities, leading to reliance on lawyers from neighbouring countries, adding that this training will equip the lawyers for better representation before the Court.
He acknowledged the commitment of the Attorney-General and Minister of Justice Alpha Sesay to continuous training and professional development of the State legal officers. “Sierra Leone has consistently engaged the Court on various matters. Therefore, the State’s decision to request the Court’s assistance in enhancing the capabilities of its lawyers to sustain this engagement, is laudable. The Court remains committed to educating Member States on Community law and practice and to sharing its jurisprudence,” he said.
Delivering his remarks, the Attorney-General and Minister of Justice Alpha Sesay said his office is keen on effective justice delivery that will enhance the rights of the citizens.

He urged the legal officers to actively participate and familiarise themselves with the Community Law, Jurisprudence, and applicable laws in the administration of justice in the Community Court. He encouraged the participants to avail themselves of this opportunity to ensure that the State gets effective representation before the Court.
Topics for presentation include jurisdiction of the Court, admissibility, non-exhaustion of local remedies, sources of law, jurisprudence, human rights mandate, written and oral procedures before the Court, default judgment, among others. Facilitators drawn from experienced lawyers at the Court led practical exercises on drafting, filing, and oral procedure.
During the four-day mission from 28 July to 31 July, 2025, the delegation from the Court including Hon President Ricardo Cláudio Monteiro Goncalves and Hon Vice-President Sengu Mohamed Koroma have scheduled courtesy visits to high authorities of the State. The high-level delegation of the Court to the Republic of Sierra Leone underscores the Court’s commitment to improving professional legal practice in the region. A similar training was recently held in Accra, Ghana.
End


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