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2021 FORUM ON CHINA AFRICA COOPERATION (FOCAC): BUILDING THE PHILOSOPHY OF A SHARED FUTURE FOR HUMANITY

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2021 FORUM ON CHINA AFRICA COOPERATION (FOCAC): BUILDING THE PHILOSOPHY OF A SHARED FUTURE FOR HUMANITY

2021 FORUM ON CHINA AFRICA COOPERATION (FOCAC): BUILDING THE PHILOSOPHY OF A SHARED FUTURE FOR HUMANITY

By Oboshi Agyeno (PhD)

Institute for peace and Conflict Resolution, Abuja

Jacobya007@yahoo.com

In a few days to come, particularly on the 29th and 30th November 2021, Senegal will be in the league of other African countries like Ethiopia and South Africa to host the all-important Forum on China Africa Cooperation (FOCAC). The FOCAC is a high level tri-annual indaba of China and African countries with diplomatic relations with the People’s Republic of China (PRC). All the countries in Africa except for Eswatini that has no diplomatic relations with the PRC, gather every three years to participate in discussions on how to design, consolidate and inject new energy on the way forward for a collective development of China and Africa. Since its conception and inception in 2000 and 2003 and the official launch of FOCAC in the year 2006, the Forum is traditionally hosted either in China or any African country interchangeably. This year, Senegal will host the 8th edition of FOCAC with the theme to ‘Deepen China Africa Partnership and Promote Sustainable Development to Build a China Africa Community with a Shared Future in the New Era’.

The FOCAC was primarily a strategy put forward by China to engage with Africa. This relationship has since grown in leaps and bounds. In 2006, China’s financial commitment to Africa was $5 billion and by 2015 and 2018, such commitment rose to $60 billion. In between this development cooperation, China Africa partnership has progressed from resource trade to infrastructure development of monumental proportion, and shifted into a more focused political and strategic cooperation. In recent times, analysts, think tanks and scholars from Africa have continued to promote and influence the government of Africa to show more innovation, commitment and interest in China Africa cooperation due to the benefit that has come to be evident in such relationships.

The FOCAC has enjoyed tremendous good will and partnership in various facets of investment, trade, health, infrastructure, food security, climate change and other areas of human development. This edition will follow the same pattern with previous FOCAC, but will be unique in many aspects. The 2021 FOCAC is the first summit since the Covid-19 pandemic crippled economic activities and businesses on a global scale, destroying livelihoods and threatening multilateralism as we know it. It is also the first FOCAC that just proceeded the 100 years anniversary of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and 50 years of Diplomatic Relations between China and Africa, reviewing the joint China Africa response to Covid19, and for the first time expected to reel out a ‘China Africa comprehensive strategic and cooperative partnership’ specifically for the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) in Africa.

There is no doubt that the history of the FOCAC and its derivatives has been a blessing for both China and Africa. This is especially true in the areas of infrastructure development, business opportunities, national and regional security cooperation, cultural diplomacy and people to people exchanges. Indeed, China Africa cooperation has transformed the physical infrastructural environment of both China and Africa, and has proven based on the many hardware projects across Africa that this partnership is unprecedented. It is however pertinent for this year’s FOCAC in Senegal to ensure what Hannah Ryder* refers to as ‘a more organized and collective approach to engagement on the part of African leaders at this year’s FOCAC’. There is a need for African and Chinese leadership, think tanks and scholars to inject some novelty in building a philosophical, cultural and ideological component of China Africa cooperation. In order to improve the quality and efficiency of the FOCAC in general, the 8th edition of the Forum must endeavour to create a hybrid dimension to China Africa cooperation that can activate an innovative path to sustainable development based on a software approach to cooperation and development.

Senegal is one of the ideological, theoretical and cultural hubs of Africa. To project a philosophical angle to the aspirations for building livelihoods and shared humanity that China Africa relations have come to represent, shall be remarkable in this FOCAC. China Africa cooperation has spanned politics, economy, health, technology, etc. The 2021 FOCAC provides the prospect to pay closer attention on building the mind-set, attitude, philosophy and ideological direction for China and Africa towards a better future of communities, opportunities and humanity. The FOCAC should be a platform to build the significance of character traits like diligence, hard work, respect for culture and tradition, patriotism, knowledge, communal sense of purpose, prudence, the synergy between man and nature and cooperation as enablers for development. If embedded in African culture and traditions are qualities that can point the people towards sustainable development using their traditional alternatives, then FOCAC should concentrate on building those qualities. There are different paths to development than a single prescription and the Chinese experience has proven that.

As the saying goes, Africa is the next frontier of development and this aspiration is very likely to be achieved through China Africa cooperation. It is expected that the 2021 FOCAC will address Africa’s place within the BRI, which is potentially the most audacious economic blueprint of global connectivity in trade, investment and pragmatic access to financing for development. One of the ways Africa could benefit from this initiative is to imbibe the values and inculcate the principles of putting the people at the centre of development, promoting togetherness and projecting our unique socialist nature embedded in African and Asian oriental civilization. China and Africa have so much in common and the sooner a deliberate effort is applied to zoom our shared values into the international frontline, the better for humanity. This can be done by injecting our unique value in the domestic and foreign policy of both China and Africa.

Also Read: We have power to investigate, arrest and prosecute, Police…

This year’s FOCAC provides the platform for Africa and China to reiterate their belief in a multilateral system which President Xi Jinping of China says ‘falls upon us to follow the trend of history, and choose cooperation over confrontation, openness over seclusion, and mutual benefit over zero sum games*. While contemporary issues like the green economy and climate change, technology transfer, peace and security and post Covid-19 recovery will dominate discussions at this year’s FOCAC, there is also the need to present the philosophical energy that can consolidate on the successes recorded in China Africa cooperation over the years. This could involve understanding and deploying those software features that have enabled China’s peaceful rise, inclusive growth and development in politics, economy and technology. Understanding the principles of Chinese development could be used to unlock the ingenuity of Africans from within, prioritize citizen’s interest in collective development and position Africa’s quest to inclusive and sustainable development as a process rather than a narrative or a big bang theory.

Philosophical vocabulary and direction is important to China Africa cooperation because it will give substance to the framework, content and nature of the overall partnership between both climes. It is therefore instructive that on the side-lines of this year’s FOCAC summit and subsequent meetings in the future, there should be podiums that promote cultural education of Africa and Asian oriental civilization in leadership, governance, relationships, values and development. The number of Chinese cultural institutes in Africa is growing and Africa should take advantage of such presence to collaborate in the areas of language and other exchanges that could promote intellectual understanding of China Africa cooperation, upgrade China Africa oriental civilization, engender new models and paths to development, and ensure a holistic development that is en-sync with the culture, tradition, emotion, beliefs and orientation of the people.

Long live China Africa cooperation.

2021 FORUM ON CHINA AFRICA COOPERATION (FOCAC): BUILDING THE PHILOSOPHY OF A SHARED FUTURE FOR HUMANITY

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Plateau Indigenous Youths Defend DSS, Demand Probe of Alleged Security Leaks

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Plateau Indigenous Youths Defend DSS, Demand Probe of Alleged Security Leaks

By: Michael Mike

Indigenous youth organisations in Plateau State have defended the Department of State Services (DSS), the Mobile Police Force and Operation Rainbow against allegations of bias and misconduct, urging the Federal Government to sustain joint security operations and investigate claims of compromise within the security architecture.

The coalition accused groups representing Fulani interests of using petitions and social media campaigns to discredit security agencies following operations against armed militants in the state.

Addressing a press conference at the Nigeria Union of Journalists (NUJ), FCT Council, on Wednesday, the President of the Berom Youths Moulder-Association and Coordinator of Indigenous Youth Nationalities, Northern Zone, Dalyop Solomon Mwantiri, said the allegations risked undermining ongoing efforts to restore peace to violence-ravaged communities.

The coalition’s position followed a petition dated October 5, 2026, reportedly signed by Mujahid Abdullahi on behalf of the Plateau chapters of the Miyetti Allah Cattle Breeders Association of Nigeria (MACBAN), Gan Allah Fulani Development Association of Nigeria (GAFDAN), Fulbe Youth Development Association (FUYODA) and other organisations.

The petitioners allegedly accused the DSS of discriminatory operations against Fulani communities and blamed the agency for killings, abductions, cattle rustling and the poisoning and shooting of cattle.

A video circulated on Facebook and other social media platforms reportedly made similar allegations while portraying the Nigerian Army as the only security agency working in the interest of peace in Plateau.

But the indigenous youth coalition dismissed the claims as an attempt to distort the security situation and pressure authorities into undermining operations against armed groups.

Mwantiri said the campaigns appeared designed to intimidate the Plateau State Director of the DSS, Paul Damian; discredit the operations of the DSS, Mobile Police Force and Operation Rainbow; disrupt joint operations involving local security volunteers; discourage intelligence sharing; and portray the Army as the only effective security agency in the state.

The coalition maintained that the joint operations had exposed what it described as a pattern of armed militants attacking and occupying communities while cattle were allegedly grazed alongside them.

It claimed that at least 152 hamlets, villages and communities had suffered attacks, although it did not provide supporting documentation for the figure at the briefing.

The youth leaders also rejected allegations that Damian and the DSS were involved in killings and cattle rustling. They argued that cattle intercepted while grazing on farmlands were being held pending the identification of their owners and the alleged perpetrators.

To reinforce their argument, the coalition cited several attacks on security personnel and communities, which it attributed to Fulani militants.

It alleged that a newly deployed DSS base at Nding Sesut, Fan District, in Barkin Ladi Local Government Area, was attacked on June 1, 2026.

The group also cited an August 23 attack on Tanjol and Tarai villages in Jol community, alleging that more than 400 militants assaulted the settlements, ambushed and killed two DSS officers, seized their rifles and retreated towards Rankum in the Mahanga area of Riyom Local Government Area.

It further alleged that Mobile Police Force personnel were killed in attacks on Dares and Kwi villages in Bokkos and Riyom local government areas about two weeks before the briefing.

The coalition also claimed that the Operations Officer of Operation Rainbow, DSP David Babale, was ambushed and killed near a military checkpoint around Rakok village, on the outskirts of Barkin Ladi, while similar incidents had occurred at Kantoma and Alohgom in Mangu Local Government Area.

The allegations were not independently verified at the briefing, and the petitioning organisations’ responses were not included in the coalition’s presentation.

In a further allegation, the youth leaders claimed that sponsors of the armed groups were raising N20 million to finance media campaigns, court cases and petitions aimed at frustrating the security crackdown.

They called on the Federal Government to investigate the alleged funding and any suspected attempts to compromise security operations, including allegations of unprofessional conduct and collusion involving some Army personnel.

The coalition, which comprises youth organisations representing Afizere, Anaguta, Atakar, Atten, Bache, Berom, Gamai, Irigwe, Kunlere, Mushere, Mwaghavul, Ron, Pan, Tarok and other ethnic groups, warned against withdrawing the DSS, Mobile Police Force and Operation Rainbow from Plateau State.

It argued that removing the agencies while attacks and displacement persisted could weaken ongoing operations and embolden armed groups.

The youth leaders appealed to President Bola Tinubu and other Federal Government authorities not to be swayed by allegations they considered politically motivated, while insisting that genuine complaints against security personnel should be investigated.

“We smell a rat,” the coalition said, describing the petition and video as “ploys and strategies of distraction”.

It urged authorities to encourage cooperation among security agencies rather than allow public disputes to undermine intelligence sharing and joint operations.

The statement was jointly signed by Amb. Ezekiel Peter Bini, President of the Irigwe Youths Movement and Chairman of the Coalition; Mwantiri; Amb. Miri Timnan Nyantau, President of the Tarok Progressive Youths Association and Coordinator, Southern Zone; and Jonathan Kyesmang Yusuf, President of the Mwaghavul Youth Movement and Coordinator, Central Zone.

The dispute underscores the competing allegations surrounding the security response to persistent violence in Plateau State, where attacks on communities and security personnel have intensified calls for accountability, effective intelligence coordination and a sustainable approach to civilian protection.

While the coalition maintained that the security agencies should be allowed to continue their operations, the allegations against both security personnel and the groups involved require independent investigation to establish the facts and ensure that accountability is not sacrificed in the pursuit of peace.

Plateau Indigenous Youths Defend DSS, Demand Probe of Alleged Security Leaks

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Troops Arrest Five Suspects Over Abduction of Corps Members in Imo, Recover Weapons

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Troops Arrest Five Suspects Over Abduction of Corps Members in Imo, Recover Weapons

By Zagazola Makama

Troops of the 34 Artillery Brigade, in collaboration with the Nigerian Navy, Nigerian Air Force, Nigeria Police Force, Department of State Services, Nigeria Security and Civil Defence Corps and local vigilantes, have arrested five suspected members of a kidnapping syndicate linked to the abduction of National Youth Service Corps (NYSC) members in Imo State.

Security sources said the arrests were made on Oct. 15, 2026, during a joint operation in the Irete/Orogwe general area of Owerri West Local Government Area.
The operation followed the rescue of the abducted corps members on Oct. 7 by the joint security team.

During the latest operation, the operatives reportedly recovered three AK-47 rifles, one English-made pistol and 81 rounds of 7.62mm special ammunition.

The suspects were allegedly linked to the syndicate involved in the abduction, while investigations are expected to establish their individual roles and identify other members of the criminal network.

Security operations are ongoing to track down additional suspects and dismantle the syndicate.

The arrests represent a further step in the investigation into the abduction and the broader effort to tackle kidnapping and armed criminality in Imo State.

Troops Arrest Five Suspects Over Abduction of Corps Members in Imo, Recover Weapons

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Drug Abuse, Mental Illness Feed Each Other, Marwa Warns

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Drug Abuse, Mental Illness Feed Each Other, Marwa Warns

…NDLEA boss seeks increased mental health funding, urges priority for women, children

By: Michael Mike

The Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of the National Drug Law Enforcement Agency (NDLEA), Brig. Gen. Buba Marwa (rtd), has warned that Nigeria’s fight against drug abuse will remain incomplete without adequate investment in mental healthcare, stressing that untreated psychological distress is driving substance abuse among vulnerable Nigerians.

Marwa said the relationship between drug use and mental illness was mutually reinforcing, warning that a response focused solely on arrests and enforcement would fail to address the underlying causes of addiction.

“If we only arrest the symptoms, we will keep missing the cause,” he said on Tuesday in Abuja, calling for increased mental health financing, accessible treatment and stronger collaboration among government institutions and community organisations.

Marwa spoke while chairing the fifth edition of The Conversation Conference (TCC 5.0), organised by the Intersect Consortium at the Nicon Luxury Hotel, Abuja. The event, led by UK-based consultant psychiatrist, Dr Vincent Udenze, came days after the 2026 World Mental Health Day and focused on strategic investments, partnerships and community-led action.

Drawing on the NDLEA’s experience in drug prevention and rehabilitation, Marwa said many people caught in substance abuse had underlying psychological distress that went unnoticed or untreated until their conditions worsened.

“For too long, we treated mental health as a private burden, hidden behind shame and silence. In my work at the NDLEA, I see the cost of that silence daily,” he said.

“Behind many cases of drug abuse is untreated pain: depression nobody noticed, trauma nobody addressed, a young person who found a substance before finding help. Drug use and mental illness feed each other. If we only arrest the symptoms, we will keep missing the cause.”

The NDLEA chairman said the situation demanded a shift from an approach centred largely on controlling illicit substances to one that combined enforcement with prevention, early intervention, mental healthcare and sustained support for people recovering from addiction.

He disclosed that more than 53,843 people had passed through the agency’s 31 rehabilitation facilities across the country in the past five years, describing the figure as evidence of the scale of the recovery effort required.

“Behind that number are fathers returned to their families and young people returned to school and work,” he said.

Marwa called for a substantial increase in funding for mental healthcare, warning that the sector could no longer remain neglected in public health budgets.

He said investment in prevention, trained personnel and accessible treatment would yield broader benefits, including improved productivity, safer communities and stronger families.

According to him, Nigeria needs more psychiatrists, psychologists, counsellors and community health workers, alongside the integration of mental health services into primary healthcare to ensure that people can access help without travelling long distances.

“No one travels hundreds of kilometres to be heard,” he said, arguing that mental health services must be available at the community level rather than concentrated in a few specialised facilities.

He also called for equitable financing, insisting that access to care should not depend on a person’s financial circumstances.

“Care that only the well-off can afford is not a system, it is a privilege,” he said.

Beyond healthcare financing, Marwa identified poverty, hopelessness and limited economic opportunities as factors that could increase vulnerability to harmful substance use.

He cited the NDLEA’s intervention in three pilot communities in Ondo State, where residents who previously depended on illicit cultivation were supported to establish legitimate livelihoods.

He said the initiative demonstrated the importance of involving communities in designing interventions rather than imposing solutions on them.

“Mental wellbeing cannot thrive where hopelessness and poverty drive people into harm,” he said, adding that families with sustainable incomes and a stake in their future were better positioned to build resilience.

The agency, he disclosed, intends to expand the model nationwide and is seeking partnerships to support its implementation.

Marwa also highlighted the NDLEA’s War Against Drug Abuse (WADA) campaign, which targets young people through sensitisation programmes in schools, tertiary institutions and communities.

He said the agency’s 24-hour toll-free helpline provided an avenue for people struggling with substance use and their families to seek assistance, particularly when they had nowhere else to turn.

“A frightened teenager, a worried mother or a person on the edge can be heard in the dead of night, at no cost,” he said.

The NDLEA boss further urged policymakers and service providers to prioritise women, children and other vulnerable groups in the delivery of mental health services.

He identified survivors of violence, displaced mothers, girls without adequate support, persons living with disabilities and families uprooted by conflict as groups whose needs were often overlooked.

According to him, the agency’s rehabilitation experience shows that recovery is more sustainable when support extends beyond the individual to include the mother, the child and the wider household.

He called for stronger coordination among the health, education, security, justice and social welfare sectors, saying no single institution could effectively address the complex relationship between mental illness, substance abuse and social vulnerability.

Marwa, who also chaired the conference’s first edition in 2022 and its third edition, commended the organisers for sustaining the platform and expanding conversations around mental health in Nigeria.

He also thanked Vice-President Kashim Shettima, who was represented at the event by Senator Ibrahim Hassan Hadejia, for supporting the conference, saying such participation signalled the importance of mental health to national development.

He urged participants to translate discussions into measurable commitments, particularly in funding effective interventions, expanding community-based programmes and protecting vulnerable populations.

“Let us build a Nigeria where seeking help is an act of courage, where recovery is possible, and where no one suffers alone,” he said.

Nigeria’s response to substance abuse has increasingly involved prevention campaigns, treatment and rehabilitation alongside drug interdiction and arrests. Marwa’s remarks underscore the need to strengthen the mental healthcare component of that response, particularly as stigma, inadequate access to treatment and socioeconomic pressures can prevent people from seeking help.

The challenge, he suggested, is not simply to stop drug use but also to ensure that people experiencing psychological distress can obtain timely support before substance use deepens their difficulties.

Drug Abuse, Mental Illness Feed Each Other, Marwa Warns

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