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Rebuilding the North-East: Inside Nigeria’s Largest Post-Conflict Recovery Experiment

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Rebuilding the North-East: Inside Nigeria’s Largest Post-Conflict Recovery Experiment

How the NEDC is attempting to turn years of devastation into a pathway for long-term development

By Michael Olukayode

For more than a decade, Nigeria’s North-East has remained a symbol of prolonged conflict and humanitarian collapse. The insurgency led by Boko Haram and its breakaway factions did far more than disrupt security—it dismantled entire communities, shattered economic systems, and altered the social and cultural foundations of a region once anchored by farming and cross-border trade.

The human cost has been staggering. More than 350,000 people are estimated to have died directly and indirectly from the conflict. Over 2.5 million individuals were forced from their homes, while at the height of the crisis, about 8.4 million people required urgent humanitarian support. Entire settlements across Borno, Adamawa, and Yobe were destroyed, leaving behind a region marked by displacement and ruin.

A System Built from Collapse

The scale of destruction prompted the establishment of the North-East Development Commission (NEDC) in 2017 under former President Muhammadu Buhari. It was created not simply as a relief agency, but as a long-term institutional response to structural breakdown across an entire region.

Early post-conflict assessments placed the cost of destruction at over $9 billion. Infrastructure losses were extensive: thousands of homes were destroyed, more than 1,400 schools were damaged or completely wiped out, and in some areas over 70 percent of health facilities became unusable. The agricultural sector—long the backbone of the regional economy—collapsed almost entirely, deepening poverty and food insecurity.

To coordinate recovery, the Commission was tasked with implementing the North-East Stabilisation and Development Master Plan (NESDMP), a blueprint designed to move the region from emergency humanitarian response into structured reconstruction and sustainable development.

From Emergency Response to Large-Scale Reconstruction

Since beginning operations, the NEDC has implemented interventions worth hundreds of billions of naira, funded through federal allocations and supported by development partners.

Its activities span all six states of the region—Borno, Adamawa, Yobe, Bauchi, Gombe, and Taraba—where thousands of projects have either been completed or are ongoing.

Across its portfolio, the Commission has:
• Built and rehabilitated thousands of housing units for displaced families
• Executed more than 1,000 infrastructure projects, including roads, schools, and healthcare centres
• Distributed millions of relief items during peak humanitarian emergencies
• Supported agricultural programmes reaching hundreds of thousands of farmers

The Managing Director/Chief Executive Officer of the Commission, Mohammed Goni Alkali, explained that the institution is now deliberately evolving its focus.

“We are transitioning from humanitarian interventions to sustainable development,” he said. “The priority is building systems that can endure beyond immediate recovery.”

He added that reconstruction must be understood beyond physical structures.

“It is not only about rebuilding infrastructure. It is about restoring livelihoods, rebuilding institutions, and restoring hope to communities,” Alkali said.

Gradual Return to Normalcy Across Communities

On the ground, signs of recovery are beginning to emerge across the region, though unevenly.

Large numbers of internally displaced persons have started returning to reconstructed communities, easing long-standing pressure on overcrowded camps. Schools that were destroyed or abandoned during the peak of the insurgency are being rehabilitated and reopened, restoring access to education for thousands of children.

Healthcare delivery has also improved, with rebuilt and newly equipped facilities expanding access, particularly in rural areas that were previously cut off. Road reconstruction projects are reconnecting isolated communities, improving movement, trade, and access to services.

The Governor of Borno State, Professor Babagana Umara Zulum, acknowledged the role of the Commission in supporting recovery efforts.

“The NEDC has played a critical role in supporting the rebuilding of communities and restoring hope to our people,” he said.

Restoring the Economic Lifeline

Before the insurgency, agriculture was the dominant economic activity in the North-East, employing a large portion of the population. The conflict disrupted farming cycles, displaced rural communities, and left vast tracts of farmland abandoned.

Recovery efforts are now focusing on reversing that collapse. Through the distribution of seeds, fertilisers, and farming equipment, as well as investments in irrigation and dry-season farming, agricultural production is gradually resuming. Small businesses and cooperatives are also receiving support to stimulate local economies.

According to Alkali, economic recovery remains central to the Commission’s strategy.

“Without livelihoods, recovery cannot be sustained,” he said. “Economic empowerment is therefore at the core of our interventions.”

Moving Away from Long-Term Aid Dependence

One of the most significant shifts emerging in the region is the gradual transition from humanitarian dependency to self-reliance.

Although millions of people still require assistance, returning communities are increasingly rebuilding their own economic and social systems as stability improves.

Former United Nations Resident and Humanitarian Coordinator in Nigeria, Matthias Schmale, noted that recovery efforts are beginning to produce measurable improvements.

“There is clear evidence that living conditions are improving and that basic services are being restored,” he said.

Security Gains and Lingering Vulnerability

Despite notable progress in stabilisation, the North-East remains fragile. Military operations have significantly degraded insurgent capabilities, but sporadic attacks continue in some areas.

The Chairman of the Governing Board of the NEDC, Major General Paul Tarfa (rtd.), stressed that development must consolidate security achievements.

“Security gains must be reinforced with development initiatives. Only then can we achieve lasting peace,” he said.

Persistent Gaps in the Recovery Process

Even with extensive interventions, major challenges remain. Millions of residents are still dependent on humanitarian assistance, unemployment among young people remains high, and environmental pressures—including climate-related shocks—continue to threaten agricultural recovery.

In addition, funding limitations remain a key constraint, with the scale of needs far exceeding available resources.

The Managing Director acknowledged these gaps but reaffirmed the Commission’s commitment.

“The level of devastation is enormous, but we are committed to working with all stakeholders to deliver sustainable recovery,” Alkali said.

A Region Still in Transition

The North-East today exists in a complex state between crisis and recovery. It remains one of Nigeria’s most vulnerable regions, but also one of its most ambitious reconstruction theatres.

What is unfolding is a slow transformation: from destruction to rebuilding, from dependency to resilience, and from emergency survival to structured development.

Former United Nations Resident and Humanitarian Coordinator in Nigeria, Matthias Schmale, noted that recovery efforts are beginning to produce measurable improvements.

“There is clear evidence that living conditions are improving and that basic services are being restored,” he said.

Observing during his tenure in the country that: “The transition is visible, but sustaining it will require long-term investment and strong collaboration.”

Conclusion: Beyond Reconstruction

The work of the North-East Development Commission goes beyond rebuilding damaged infrastructure. It represents an attempt to reimagine post-conflict recovery at scale—linking humanitarian relief with long-term development planning.

From housing and healthcare to education and livelihoods, the foundations of a new regional reality are gradually taking shape.

Yet, as stakeholders consistently emphasise, the true measure of success will not be the number of projects completed, but whether the region can sustain stability, dignity, and opportunity over time.

In the North-East, the story of recovery is no longer only about survival.

It is about building a future that once seemed impossible—and ensuring it endures.

Rebuilding the North-East: Inside Nigeria’s Largest Post-Conflict Recovery Experiment

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AWALCO Nominates NUJ FCT Chair Grace Ike for November Award

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L-R: NUJ FCT Treasurer, Mrs. Sandra Chukwugekwu, AWALCO President, Mr. Innocent Odoh, NUJ FCT Chairman, Mrs. Grace Ike and AWALCO Financial Secretary, Mrs. Favour Olise during a recent visit to the FCT NUJ Secretariat

AWALCO Nominates NUJ FCT Chair Grace Ike for November Award

By: Michael Mike

The Association of West African Legislative Correspondents (AWALCO) has commended the achievements of the Chairman of the Nigerian Union of Journalists (NUJ), FCT Council, Comrade Grace Ike, and nominated her for an award scheduled for November.

The association announced the nomination when its executives, led by President Innocent Odoh, paid a courtesy visit to the NUJ FCT Council Chairman in Abuja.

Odoh said Ike’s achievements since assuming leadership of the council had been impressive, describing her emergence as the first woman to chair the NUJ FCT Council as a significant milestone.

He said her leadership had demonstrated courage, commitment and the ability to take charge, adding that AWALCO was encouraged by the changes recorded under her leadership.

“We are indeed very impressed and inspired. It takes somebody with this kind of courage and commitment, and someone who will take charge of things, and we are really seeing the change,” Odoh said.

He explained that Ike’s nomination followed discussions within the association on journalists and leaders who had made significant contributions to the profession and public service.

According to him, her achievements, including her previous leadership of the House of Representatives Press Corps, placed her among those shortlisted for recognition.

Odoh disclosed that AWALCO had initially planned the award ceremony last year to coincide with the 25th anniversary of the ECOWAS Parliament, but the event was postponed after the Parliament scheduled its own award ceremony.

He said the proposed award was also part of AWALCO’s broader effort to promote awareness and strengthen collaboration with the NUJ FCT Council.

The association, he said, intends to work with the council to organise seminars, workshops and conferences focused on democracy, good governance, development and legislative accountability.

He described Parliament as the nucleus of a democratic system and said legislative correspondents had an important role to play in interrogating democratic principles and examining how legislation could translate into development for citizens.

With West Africa’s population exceeding 400 million, Odoh said stronger collaboration between AWALCO and the NUJ could help spread important democratic and governance messages across ECOWAS member states.

Responding, Ike welcomed the AWALCO delegation and expressed appreciation for the recognition.

She assured the association that the NUJ FCT Council was ready to partner with AWALCO in areas that would advance journalism, democracy and development.

“I really don’t take this award for granted. I’m honoured,” she said.

Ike urged journalists to uphold the principles of accuracy, fairness, balance and ethical reporting, stressing that the media remained a critical pillar of society.

She encouraged journalists to move beyond their traditional areas of coverage and report issues capable of positively affecting society and the wider West African region.

The NUJ FCT chairman also emphasised the importance of journalists’ welfare, describing it as a key priority of her leadership.

She urged AWALCO members to ensure accountability and transparency in their activities and said the NUJ would provide publicity support for initiatives and statements presented by the association as part of their proposed partnership.

Ike further challenged journalists to use their platforms to interrogate emerging issues affecting democracy in West Africa, including electoral reforms and proposals such as direct primary elections.

She said issues that could strengthen democratic governance should be properly examined and brought to public attention.

The NUJ FCT chairman also urged leaders in the journalism profession to build lasting legacies through diligent and responsible service.

“Leadership is not easy. If you are a leader, you must do everything possible to leave a legacy behind,” she said.

She urged younger journalists to remain committed to changing the narrative about leadership and public service, stressing that journalists should produce stories capable of touching lives and positively influencing society.

Also speaking on the nomination of the FCT NUJ Chairman, the Financial Secretary of AWALCO, Favour Olise, commended Ike’s leadership and urged her to continue supporting younger journalists.

Olise said Ike’s achievements had made her worthy of recognition, particularly her efforts to attract reputable organisations to partner with the NUJ.

“Younger ones not in age, younger ones in the Journalism profession, carry them along as you are already doing and keep doing the good works,” she said.

She described Ike’s efforts as encouraging and said her leadership was contributing positively to the image and development of the journalism profession.

AWALCO said it looked forward to strengthening its partnership with the NUJ FCT Council, particularly in promoting legislative journalism, democratic accountability, good governance and development across Nigeria and the wider West African region.

AWALCO Nominates NUJ FCT Chair Grace Ike for November Award

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EU Releases €2.3m to Fight Cholera as Nigeria Gets €1.5m

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EU Releases €2.3m to Fight Cholera as Nigeria Gets €1.5m

…61,888 cases, 1,230 deaths recorded across Africa in five months

By: Michael Mike

The European Union has released €2.3 million in emergency humanitarian funding to Nigeria and three other African countries to contain the spread of cholera, as the disease continues to pose a major public health threat across the continent.

Nigeria is to receive the largest share of the intervention, €1.5 million, to strengthen its response to the outbreak, including the deployment of additional intervention teams, provision of cholera kits and intensified water, sanitation and hygiene measures.

The European Commission announced the funding on Monday, saying the money would also support epidemiological surveillance, particularly in hard-to-reach areas, improve case management and strengthen risk communication and community sensitisation.

The intervention comes against the backdrop of a significant cholera burden across Africa. The World Health Organisation reported 61,888 cholera cases and 1,230 deaths across 16 African countries between January 1 and May 31, 2026. Nigeria alone recorded 6,860 cases and 80 deaths during the period covered by the WHO report.

The WHO data showed that Nigeria recorded 5,798 new cases and 54 deaths in May alone, making it one of the countries reporting the highest number of cases in the African Region that month.

The latest EU intervention is therefore expected to provide additional resources for Nigeria’s efforts to prevent further transmission and reduce deaths from the disease, particularly in communities where access to safe water, sanitation and healthcare remains limited.

Under the Nigerian component of the funding, the EU said intervention teams would be increased, while essential cholera supplies would be provided to affected communities.

The funding will also support the treatment of public water points and household water, intensify disease surveillance in inaccessible areas and strengthen measures for detecting and managing cases.

Risk communication and community sensitisation will equally be expanded to help communities understand how cholera is transmitted and the steps required to prevent infection.

Cameroon will receive €100,000 for outbreak containment and case management.

The allocation will support additional humanitarian personnel, essential medicines, additional cholera treatment units and oral rehydration points in some of the country’s worst-affected villages.

The Central African Republic will receive €500,000 to scale up case management and vaccination, alongside water, sanitation and hygiene interventions.

The funds will also strengthen risk communication, community engagement, surveillance and case detection, while supporting dignified and safe burials.

Chad will receive €200,000 to help break the chain of transmission through improved access to water, sanitation and hygiene, as well as community support for surveillance and case management.

The EU Commissioner for Preparedness and Crisis Management, Hadja Lahbib, said the emergency funding was necessary because cholera continues to threaten lives in communities without adequate access to safe water and healthcare.

“Cholera is preventable and treatable. Yet it still threatens lives when people lack something as basic as safe water and healthcare,” Lahbib said.

She added that the intervention was coming at a time when humanitarian needs were increasing while available resources were shrinking.

“Europe is not looking away. This emergency funding will help our partners act quickly, contain the outbreaks and protect the communities most at risk,” she said.

Cholera is an acute diarrhoeal infection caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. It is most commonly transmitted through contaminated food or water and can cause severe dehydration and death within hours in serious cases if treatment is not provided.

The WHO has warned that cholera outbreaks are increasingly difficult to control because of factors including conflict, population displacement, climate-related events, poor infrastructure and limited access to healthcare, particularly in rural and flood-affected communities.

The scale of the 2026 outbreak has also highlighted the continuing vulnerability of African countries to diseases linked to inadequate water and sanitation infrastructure.

WHO data show that the Democratic Republic of Congo recorded the highest number of cases in Africa between January and May, with 28,567 cases and 815 deaths, followed by South Sudan with 7,712 cases and Mozambique with 7,500 cases. Nigeria’s 6,860 cases placed it among the countries with the highest reported burdens during the period.

The WHO has cautioned, however, that reported figures may be affected by under-reporting, reporting delays and differences in surveillance systems and case definitions across countries.

Nigeria has also been receiving broader international support to strengthen its capacity to detect and respond to disease outbreaks. In May, the EU and WHO launched a €4.2 million programme aimed at strengthening selected Nigerian public health institutions, including their ability to detect outbreaks earlier and share information more rapidly.

With the latest €1.5 million cholera allocation, the immediate priority is expected to be containing transmission, expanding access to treatment and ensuring that communities at greatest risk have access to safe water, sanitation and reliable public health information.

The EU said the broader emergency response was intended to help its humanitarian partners move quickly, contain the outbreaks and protect communities most at risk.

EU Releases €2.3m to Fight Cholera as Nigeria Gets €1.5m

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FG Readies 10,000 E-Vehicles for Northeast, Targets 100,000 Jobs

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FG Readies 10,000 E-Vehicles for Northeast, Targets 100,000 Jobs

…Maiduguri plant set for Tinubu’s inauguration as NEDC links green transport to rural economy

By: Michael Mike

The Federal Government is set to launch a major electric mobility programme in the North-East, with an assembly plant in Maiduguri, Borno State, preparing to roll out 10,000 electric vehicles and tricycles in an initiative projected to generate employment for up to 100,000 people during the assembly process.

The Minister for Regional Development, Abubakar Momoh, disclosed this yesterday after inspecting the electric vehicle assembly facility being managed by the North-East Development Commission (NEDC) ahead of its planned inauguration by President Bola Ahmed Tinubu.

Momoh said the project had moved substantially beyond the planning stage, with nearly all the targeted vehicles already at the facility and assembly operations underway.

He said the fleet, comprising electric buses, taxis and tricycles, would be deployed across the six states of the North-East, with charging infrastructure incorporated into the programme.

The minister described the project as a significant demonstration of the administration’s transformation agenda, particularly its efforts to combine infrastructure development, youth employment, cleaner transportation and economic recovery in the region.

“Apart from the fact that it will help to improve commuting of people, and create more job opportunities for the youths,” Momoh said, adding that the assembly process itself was already generating employment.

One of the most significant aspects of the initiative is its potential employment impact.

According to the minister, the project’s Director of Operations briefed him that the assembly of the 10,000 vehicles could provide employment for not less than 100,000 people before the target is completed.

The claim places the Maiduguri project at the centre of the Federal Government’s broader effort to make infrastructure spending translate into direct economic opportunities for young Nigerians, rather than merely producing physical assets.

The vehicles are also expected to create jobs beyond the assembly line through transportation operations, servicing, maintenance and supporting infrastructure once deployed across the region.

The project has an additional dimension that could prove particularly important to the North-East’s predominantly agrarian economy.

Momoh said some of the electric tricycles were designed to carry both passengers and agricultural produce, potentially allowing farmers in remote communities to move their commodities to urban markets more efficiently.

He therefore directed attention to the relationship between the e-vehicle programme and ongoing rural road construction.

According to him, the combination of improved roads and appropriate transport could strengthen the connection between rural producers and city markets.

The minister specifically urged the NEDC leadership to ensure that communities along newly rehabilitated road corridors were not excluded from the distribution of the vehicles.

He said rural residents needed the vehicles to evacuate agricultural produce from their communities to urban centres.

The Maiduguri project is not a new policy idea. The NEDC announced plans in 2024 to introduce 10,000 electric vehicles across the North-East as part of an effort to modernise transportation, reduce carbon emissions and respond to climate-change concerns.

The original plan envisaged a mix of nine-seater solar-powered tricycles, four-seater taxis and 40-seater buses, with deployment across Adamawa, Bauchi, Borno, Gombe, Taraba and Yobe states.

The commission had said the programme would be implemented in two phases of 5,000 vehicles each, while charging points would be established across the six states. Plans also included solar-power installations along major routes to support charging infrastructure.

The current inspection indicates that the initiative has now reached the assembly and deployment stage, bringing the long-planned regional mobility scheme closer to implementation.

For the North-East, the project comes against the backdrop of years of infrastructure deficits, disrupted economic activity and major transportation challenges.

The region comprises vast rural areas where poor transport connectivity can raise the cost of moving farm produce and limit access to markets, schools, healthcare and other essential services.

The NEDC was established specifically to coordinate reconstruction, rehabilitation and development interventions in the six North-Eastern states.

The electric mobility programme consequently fits into a wider regional-development strategy rather than being merely a vehicle procurement exercise.

The commission’s plan to link the vehicles with rural roads is particularly significant because better roads without affordable transport can leave rural communities economically isolated, while vehicles without passable roads cannot deliver their full value.

The initiative also places the North-East within Nigeria’s broader transition towards cleaner transportation.

Nigeria has been pursuing electric mobility as part of its energy-transition strategy, with the Federal Government increasingly promoting local assembly, charging infrastructure and technology transfer.

In January 2026, the National Automotive Design and Development Council disclosed that the Federal Government had signed an agreement with South Korea’s Asia Economic Development Committee for an electric vehicle manufacturing project and charging infrastructure. That separate national initiative envisages an eventual production capacity of 300,000 vehicles and about 10,000 jobs, alongside development of battery, component and charging ecosystems.

The broader policy objective is to move Nigeria beyond dependence on imported vehicles and fossil-fuel-powered transportation by developing local manufacturing capacity and the technical workforce required to sustain an electric-vehicle economy.

During his Maiduguri tour, Momoh also inspected rural road projects, including the Ngwom/Kushebe/Gadamari corridor towards Gongulong, and said he had observed substantial improvement.

He linked the road projects directly to the e-vehicle programme, arguing that improved roads would increase the usefulness of the vehicles, particularly for agricultural communities.

The minister also inspected the ongoing construction of the NEDC headquarters in Maiduguri and expressed satisfaction with the pace of work.

He said the project, which was at basement level during his previous visit, had progressed considerably, with the basement completed and another section of the building already under construction. He expressed confidence that the headquarters would be completed within 18 to 24 months.

For the Tinubu administration and the NEDC, the forthcoming inauguration will mark only the beginning of the real test.

The success of the programme will ultimately depend on whether the 10,000 vehicles remain operational after deployment, whether charging infrastructure is reliable, whether spare parts and technical expertise are locally available, and whether rural communities receive a meaningful share of the fleet.

If those challenges are effectively addressed, the Maiduguri project could become more than a transport intervention: it could provide the North-East with a new industrial ecosystem built around electric mobility, youth employment, clean energy, rural commerce and local technical skills.

And with nearly 10,000 vehicles already at the assembly facility, the region’s long-awaited shift towards electric mobility appears to be moving from policy promise to production reality.

FG Readies 10,000 E-Vehicles for Northeast, Targets 100,000 Jobs

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