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UNODC World Drug Report 2025: Global instability compounding social, economic and security costs of the world drug problem
UNODC World Drug Report 2025: Global instability compounding social, economic and security costs of the world drug problem
By: Michael Mike
A new era of global instability has intensified challenges in addressing the world drug problem, empowering organized crime groups and pushing drug use to historically high levels, says the UN Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) in the World Drug Report 2025 launched on Thursday.
“This edition of the World Drug Report shows that organized drug trafficking groups continue to adapt, exploit global crises, and target vulnerable populations,” said the Executive Director of UNODC, Ghada Waly,
She said: “We must invest in prevention and address the root causes of the drug trade at every point of the illicit supply chain. And we must strengthen responses, by leveraging technology, strengthening cross-border cooperation, providing alternative livelihoods, and taking judicial action that targets key actors driving these networks. Through a comprehensive, coordinated approach, we can dismantle criminal organizations, bolster global security, and protect our communities.”
According to the report, 316 million people used a drug (excluding alcohol and tobacco) in 2023, or six per cent of the population aged between 15 and 64, compared to 5.2 per cent of the population in 2013. With 244 million users, cannabis remains the most widely used drug, followed by opioids (61 million), amphetamines (30.7 million), cocaine (25 million) and “ecstasy” (21 million).
Within Nigeria, cannabis remains the most widely used illicit substance, and worryingly, one in three users report needing treatment or counselling—underscoring a significant gap in health services and support.
New groups of vulnerable people fleeing hardship, instability and conflict could cause these numbers to increase further, the report warned. Globally, as indicated by limited sex-disaggregated data, 5.5 per cent of women with drug use disorders were in treatment in 2023, as compared with 13.6 per cent of men with such disorders.
Production, seizures, and use of cocaine all hit new highs in 2023, making cocaine the world’s fastest-growing illicit drug market. Illegal production skyrocketed to 3,708 tons, nearly 34 per cent more than in 2022. Global cocaine seizures reached a record high at 2,275– a 68 per cent rise over 2019-2023. Use of cocaine, meanwhile, has grown from 17 million users in 2013 to 25 million users in 2023.
Cocaine traffickers are breaking into new markets across Asia and Africa, the report notes. The abuse of pharmaceutical opioids, especially tramadol, has also reached alarming levels, with the majority of global tramadol seizures taking place in Africa.
Due to factors like low operational costs and reduced risks of detection, the synthetic drug market continues to expand globally, dominated by Amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS) like methamphetamine and amphetamine (including “captagon”).
Seizures of ATS reached a record high in 2023 and accounted for almost half of all global seizures of synthetic drugs, followed by synthetic opioids, including fentanyl.
The report stated that though estimates vary, the illicit drug trade generates hundreds of billions of dollars per year. Criminal groups innovate constantly, through boosting production, finding new ways to chemically conceal their drugs, and using technology to conceal communications and increase distribution.
It also stated that though resilient, organized criminal networks can be disrupted – but a deeper understanding of the aims and structures of drug trafficking groups is required. Mapping criminal groups can highlight their vulnerabilities, key actors, enablers, and pinpoint possible areas for intervention. Law enforcement agencies could also consider investing in technology and skills training that matches the sophistication of tools used in the drug supply chain.
It explained that evidence suggests that integrating drug use disorder treatment and care into existing healthcare systems improves the quality, effectiveness and efficiency of that treatment and care. Such integration requires, among other measures, that a sufficient number of health professionals be trained and equipped with the necessary tools, which is not a simple task, particularly in systems already hampered by a struggle for resources.
With a national drug use prevalence of 14.4%, nearly three times the global average, and with over 3 million people in Nigeria suffering from drug use disorders, the toll of illicit drug use is significant and growing. Particularly alarming is the 9.2% HIV prevalence among people who inject drugs, and the still limited access to evidence-based treatment services.
Representative, UNODC Country office, Nigeria, Cheikh Toure, noted that: “This is not just a health crisis — it is a development, security, and peacebuilding concern.”
He said in Africa, for example, only 3.4 per cent of the estimated number of individuals with drug use disorders receive treatment. To strengthen evidence-based treatment, Governments must prioritize cost-effective interventions based on public health principles.
UNODC World Drug Report 2025: Global instability compounding social, economic and security costs of the world drug problem
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WHEN TERRORISTS MOCK THE STATE
WHEN TERRORISTS MOCK THE STATE
By Sa’adiyyah Adebisi Hassan
A retired Major General is kidnapped and dies in captivity. Soldiers are ambushed and killed in Kaduna. Troops are attacked in Borno. Farmers are slaughtered in Zamfara. Villages continue to live under the shadow of fear. Families sell their property to pay ransom. Children grow up knowing the sound of gunfire better than the sound of peace. Yet the Nigerian state continues to behave as though these are isolated incidents instead of symptoms of a national security emergency.
At what point do we stop pretending?
At what point do we stop calling this “security challenges” and start admitting that armed criminal groups have become bold enough to openly challenge the authority of the Nigerian state?
Because that is exactly what is happening.
The death of Major General Abubakar Rabe in captivity should have shaken every office in Abuja. This was not an ordinary citizen hidden away in a remote village. This was a retired General, a man who spent years serving the nation. If criminals can abduct and hold a retired General until he dies in captivity, what message does that send to the ordinary teacher, farmer, trader, student, doctor or civil servant?
The message is simple and frightening: nobody feels untouchable anymore.
And that is why public frustration is boiling over.
The most dangerous thing happening in Nigeria is not just that terrorists and bandits are killing people. The most dangerous thing is that they increasingly appear unafraid of the consequences. Fear is supposed to flow in one direction, from criminals toward the state. In Nigeria, that equation appears dangerously reversed. Citizens fear criminals. Criminals seem less fearful of the state.
That should terrify every serious leader.
And then there is another question that many Nigerians are asking, even if officials do not like hearing it.
How can violent criminal networks continue to communicate, negotiate ransoms, circulate videos, move money and maintain support structures without creating intelligence opportunities?
✅Modern criminality leaves footprints.
✅Phones leave footprints.
✅SIM cards leave footprints.
✅Financial transactions leave footprints.
✅Internet activity leaves footprints.
✅Movement leaves footprints.
✅Communication leaves footprints.
✅Nothing simply appears from thin air.
Which is why many Nigerians become angry when they see stories of suspected bandits or criminal sympathizers flaunting wealth online, building audiences, distributing money or creating influence networks while communities they helped terrorize are burying their dead.
Every person is entitled to due process and evidence matters. But any serious country would investigate suspicious financial ecosystems around violent criminal networks aggressively and relentlessly.
Because terrorism is not sustained by bullets alone.
✅It is sustained by money.
✅It is sustained by logistics.
✅It is sustained by information.
✅It is sustained by collaborators.
✅It is sustained by people willing to normalize evil because there is money attached to it.
✅No terrorist organization survives in complete isolation.
✅Someone supplies information.
✅Someone moves money.
✅Someone facilitates communication.
✅Someone benefits.
That is why successful counterterrorism operations across the world do not focus only on gunmen in forests. They focus on the entire ecosystem that keeps the violence alive.
Nigeria’s problem is that it often appears to be chasing the symptoms while the disease continues growing.
A kidnapping gang should not only be viewed as armed men carrying rifles.
It should be viewed as a network.
A terror cell should not only be viewed as fighters.
It should be viewed as financiers, recruiters, propagandists, informants, transporters, suppliers and digital facilitators.
Destroy the network and the gunmen become isolated.
Ignore the network and new gunmen appear.
That is the lesson serious countries learned long ago.
The second lesson is even more important: intelligence wins wars before soldiers do.
A nation of over two hundred million people should not be relying primarily on reaction. It should be relying on anticipation.
The future of security is intelligence fusion.
✅Telecom intelligence.
✅Financial intelligence.
✅Cyber intelligence.
✅Human intelligence.
✅Border intelligence.
✅Geospatial intelligence.
All operating from one integrated national threat platform.
Not twenty agencies protecting twenty databases while criminals exploit the gaps.
The truth is that Nigeria does not have a shortage of brave soldiers. It does not have a shortage of brave police officers. It does not have a shortage of brave intelligence personnel.
What it appears to suffer from is a shortage of speed, integration, accountability and coordination.
And criminals thrive inside those gaps.
That is why every major attack must trigger a hard question: what information existed before the attack, who had it, what was done with it and why did prevention fail?
Those questions are not anti-government.
Those questions are pro-accountability.
Because the purpose of security is not explaining attacks after they happen.
The purpose of security is preventing them from happening in the first place.
The greatest tragedy in all of this is that Nigerians are gradually becoming emotionally exhausted. Every day brings another headline. Another abduction. Another ambush. Another funeral. Another community attacked. Another family destroyed.
No country should normalize that.
No society should accept that.
No government should become comfortable with that.
The death of Major General Abubakar Rabe, the killing of soldiers, the slaughter of farmers and the endless stream of kidnappings are not separate stories. They are warnings. Warnings that criminals are testing the limits of state authority every single day.
The question now is whether the state intends to reclaim that authority decisively, intelligently and relentlessly or continue issuing statements while citizens continue counting the dead.
Because a nation is not judged by the speeches of its leaders.
It is judged by whether its people can live without fear.
And right now, too many Nigerians are afraid.
WHEN TERRORISTS MOCK THE STATE
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Gov Mbah Lauds DSS, Army, Others as He Inspects Arms Cache Seized From ESN Terrorists
Gov Mbah Lauds DSS, Army, Others as He Inspects Arms Cache Seized From ESN Terrorists
*Thanks President Tinubu for Supporting States To Fight Insecurity
By: Michael Mike
Governor Peter Mbah of Enugu State on Friday commended the Department of State Services (DSS), the Nigerian Army, and the Nigeria Police for their commitment to securing Nigeria and the Southeast geopolitical zone in particular.
The Governor gave the commendation shortly after visiting the State’s DSS headquarters where he inspected a cache of arms and ammunition recovered on Tuesday from commanders of the outlawed Eastern Security Network (ESN) in the State.
During the raid on ESN armoury, DSS operatives, backed by troops of the 82 Division of the Nigerian Army, recovered a large cache of high-calibre arms and ammunition.
Governor Mbah inspected some of the recovered weapons, including
a rocket launcher, two RPG (rocket propelled grenades) warheads, three RPG chargers, 11 AK-47 rifles, and over 610 rounds of NATO 7.62×39 mm ammunition, and National Youth Service Corps (NYSC) uniforms and lanyards.
Accompanied by the Division’s Garrison Commander, Brig. Gen Abubakar Suru, State Commissioner of Police, Bitrus Giwa, and other government officials, Mbah praised the hard work and collaboration among security agencies in the country.
According to the governor, but for the diligence and intelligence of the DSS and sister security agencies, , the recovered arms and ammunition would have been used by the ESN terrorists to wreck havoc across the South and paint a false picture that insecurity has taken over Nigeria.
Governor Mbah called on Nigerians to, irrespective of their political and religious affiliations, support efforts by President Bola Tinubu to tackle insecurity.
He thanked President Tinubu for supporting states to tackle insecurity, saying the President’s effort is the reason for the successes being recorded by security agencies across the states.
Security sources disclosed that the raid on the ESN armoury came on the heels of intelligence gathered from some arrested ESN members, that the terrorist organization was planning to unleash terror on Enugu and other Southeast States, and create panic and the false impression that bandits have invaded the region.
The Enugu recovery came two days before the Federal High Court in Abuja sentenced five members of a band of notorious bandits each to 25 years in prison for assisting the gunmen who, on November 21, 2025, attacked and abducted students and staff of St. Mary’s Catholic School in Papiri, Niger State.
The five convicts were arrested by DSS operatives in separate operations last week.
Gov Mbah Lauds DSS, Army, Others as He Inspects Arms Cache Seized From ESN Terrorists
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Army Distributes Fertiliser to Farmers in Jigawa Under Civil-Military Cooperation Programme
Army Distributes Fertiliser to Farmers in Jigawa Under Civil-Military Cooperation Programme
By: Zagazola Makama
The Nigerian Army has distributed 40 bags of fertiliser to selected farmers in Jigawa State as part of its Civil-Military Cooperation (CIMIC) activities aimed at supporting local communities and enhancing agricultural productivity.
Security sources reliably informed that the distribution exercise was carried out on Thursday at Dahuwa Primary School in Chamo District of Dutse Local Government Area.
According to the sources, the Commander of the 26 Armoured Brigade, Brig.-Gen. O.I. Odigie, represented the Chief of Army Staff (COAS) during the event.
The fertiliser was distributed to selected farmers drawn from communities within the brigade’s area of responsibility as part of efforts to strengthen relations between the military and host communities while supporting food production.
The sources said the initiative forms part of the Nigerian Army’s broader commitment to community development and socio-economic support programmes across the country.
The event was conducted peacefully and without any security incident.
Army Distributes Fertiliser to Farmers in Jigawa Under Civil-Military Cooperation Programme
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