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UNODC World Drug Report 2025: Global instability compounding social, economic and security costs of the world drug problem
UNODC World Drug Report 2025: Global instability compounding social, economic and security costs of the world drug problem
By: Michael Mike
A new era of global instability has intensified challenges in addressing the world drug problem, empowering organized crime groups and pushing drug use to historically high levels, says the UN Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) in the World Drug Report 2025 launched on Thursday.
“This edition of the World Drug Report shows that organized drug trafficking groups continue to adapt, exploit global crises, and target vulnerable populations,” said the Executive Director of UNODC, Ghada Waly,
She said: “We must invest in prevention and address the root causes of the drug trade at every point of the illicit supply chain. And we must strengthen responses, by leveraging technology, strengthening cross-border cooperation, providing alternative livelihoods, and taking judicial action that targets key actors driving these networks. Through a comprehensive, coordinated approach, we can dismantle criminal organizations, bolster global security, and protect our communities.”
According to the report, 316 million people used a drug (excluding alcohol and tobacco) in 2023, or six per cent of the population aged between 15 and 64, compared to 5.2 per cent of the population in 2013. With 244 million users, cannabis remains the most widely used drug, followed by opioids (61 million), amphetamines (30.7 million), cocaine (25 million) and “ecstasy” (21 million).
Within Nigeria, cannabis remains the most widely used illicit substance, and worryingly, one in three users report needing treatment or counselling—underscoring a significant gap in health services and support.
New groups of vulnerable people fleeing hardship, instability and conflict could cause these numbers to increase further, the report warned. Globally, as indicated by limited sex-disaggregated data, 5.5 per cent of women with drug use disorders were in treatment in 2023, as compared with 13.6 per cent of men with such disorders.
Production, seizures, and use of cocaine all hit new highs in 2023, making cocaine the world’s fastest-growing illicit drug market. Illegal production skyrocketed to 3,708 tons, nearly 34 per cent more than in 2022. Global cocaine seizures reached a record high at 2,275– a 68 per cent rise over 2019-2023. Use of cocaine, meanwhile, has grown from 17 million users in 2013 to 25 million users in 2023.
Cocaine traffickers are breaking into new markets across Asia and Africa, the report notes. The abuse of pharmaceutical opioids, especially tramadol, has also reached alarming levels, with the majority of global tramadol seizures taking place in Africa.
Due to factors like low operational costs and reduced risks of detection, the synthetic drug market continues to expand globally, dominated by Amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS) like methamphetamine and amphetamine (including “captagon”).
Seizures of ATS reached a record high in 2023 and accounted for almost half of all global seizures of synthetic drugs, followed by synthetic opioids, including fentanyl.
The report stated that though estimates vary, the illicit drug trade generates hundreds of billions of dollars per year. Criminal groups innovate constantly, through boosting production, finding new ways to chemically conceal their drugs, and using technology to conceal communications and increase distribution.
It also stated that though resilient, organized criminal networks can be disrupted – but a deeper understanding of the aims and structures of drug trafficking groups is required. Mapping criminal groups can highlight their vulnerabilities, key actors, enablers, and pinpoint possible areas for intervention. Law enforcement agencies could also consider investing in technology and skills training that matches the sophistication of tools used in the drug supply chain.
It explained that evidence suggests that integrating drug use disorder treatment and care into existing healthcare systems improves the quality, effectiveness and efficiency of that treatment and care. Such integration requires, among other measures, that a sufficient number of health professionals be trained and equipped with the necessary tools, which is not a simple task, particularly in systems already hampered by a struggle for resources.
With a national drug use prevalence of 14.4%, nearly three times the global average, and with over 3 million people in Nigeria suffering from drug use disorders, the toll of illicit drug use is significant and growing. Particularly alarming is the 9.2% HIV prevalence among people who inject drugs, and the still limited access to evidence-based treatment services.
Representative, UNODC Country office, Nigeria, Cheikh Toure, noted that: “This is not just a health crisis — it is a development, security, and peacebuilding concern.”
He said in Africa, for example, only 3.4 per cent of the estimated number of individuals with drug use disorders receive treatment. To strengthen evidence-based treatment, Governments must prioritize cost-effective interventions based on public health principles.
UNODC World Drug Report 2025: Global instability compounding social, economic and security costs of the world drug problem
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Woro attack: how Sahel-linked terror networks are creeping into Kwara’s border communities
Woro attack: how Sahel-linked terror networks are creeping into Kwara’s border communities
By: Zagazola Makama
The deadly attack on Woro Village in Kaiama Local Government Area of Kwara State, which has claimed at least 35 lives, draws attention to a worrying expansion of Sahel-linked terrorism into Nigeria’s North-Central corridor, analysts say.
The lawmaker representing Kaiama in the Kwara State House of Assembly, Hon. Saidu Baba Ahmed, confirmed the death toll on Wednesday, adding that many residents were still missing in the surrounding bush after fleeing the community during the attack.
Security sources said the assault occurred at about 7:07 p.m. on Feb. 3, when terrorists suspected to be Jama’atu Ahlis Sunna Lidda’awati wal-Jihad (JAS) stormed Woro, setting houses and shops ablaze as residents fled in panic.
Although the attackers reportedly withdrew after spotting an approaching aircraft, intelligence suggests they may still be lurking in nearby forests, waiting for security pressure to ease before attempting to return.
The Woro incident fits a broader pattern. Terrorist operations have intensified across the North-West (NW) and North-Central (NC), with attacks spilling into border communities near the Republic of Benin, particularly in Kwara and Niger States.
Security experts say fighters infiltrating from the Sahel axis have merged with local criminal groups, creating hybrid networks that combine ideological violence with banditry. Two major groupings – JNIM/AQIM and IS Sahel are said to be competing for space, carving out forest corridors and borderlands as launch pads for further attacks.
While parts of the North West are experiencing encroachment by ISIS-linked elements along Niger’s borders with Sokoto and Kebbi, JNIM’s operational reach reportedly stretches from the W-Arly-Pendjari (WAP) Forest Complex into Benin, diverting into North-Central Nigeria through porous routes.
Zagazola note that Kaiama’s location close to forested border corridors makes it vulnerable to transit and staging by mobile terror cells. Once embedded, these groups exploit local grievances, criminal economies and weak surveillance to sustain operations.
The burning of homes and shops in Woro is seen as tactical messaging: displace communities, disrupt local economies and demonstrate reach beyond traditional theatres of conflict.
The Woro attack is not an isolated Kwara problem but part of a wider Sahelian security crisis pushing southward into Nigeria’s heartland. Regional cooperation between NIGERIA with BENIN and NIGER Republic is therefore required to shut down these cross-border routes.
Woro attack: how Sahel-linked terror networks are creeping into Kwara’s border communities
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KACRAN Appeals for Resolution of Diplomatic Tensions Between Nigeria and Niger
KACRAN Appeals for Resolution of Diplomatic Tensions Between Nigeria and Niger
By: Michael Mike
The Kulen Allah Cattle Rearers Association of Nigeria (KACRAN) has called on President Bola Tinubu and the leadership of the Republic of Niger to resolve ongoing diplomatic tensions through dialogue and mutual understanding.
In a statement issued on Tuesday by its National President, Hon. Khalil Bello, the association urged both countries to restore their long-standing relationship, stressing that Nigeria and Niger share deep historical, cultural and economic ties that predate colonial boundaries.
KACRAN highlighted that the two nations are connected by an extensive border stretching over 1,600 kilometres, linking Niger with several northern Nigerian states, noting that communities across the border share common ethnic identities, languages and religious beliefs, with many families divided between both countries.
The group noted that these close social connections were a major reason many residents of Northern Nigeria expressed opposition to any form of military action against Niger following the recent political changes in the country.
Beyond social ties, KACRAN emphasized the existence of strong economic interdependence between the two neighbours. It stated that Nigerian markets, especially in Kano and border towns, serve as major commercial hubs for Nigerien traders, while Nigerian business activities are also prominent within Niger.
The association warned that the current strain in diplomatic relations is having a negative impact on trade and pastoral livelihoods. It explained that seasonal livestock migration, particularly by herders from states such as Yobe who move into Niger during the rainy season to avoid farmland conflicts, has been disrupted. This disruption, KACRAN said, affected livestock supply during the recent Eid-el-Kabir festivities.
KACRAN also stressed the need for joint security efforts, noting that challenges such as insurgency and banditry affect both countries and require coordinated action rather than isolation.
Calling for restraint, the association urged Nigeria, Niger and the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) to prioritize diplomacy over confrontation. It maintained that peaceful engagement remains the most effective path to stability, economic growth and regional security.
The group appealed to leaders in the sub-region to place the welfare of citizens above political disagreements and preserve the spirit of cooperation that has long defined Nigeria-Niger relations.
KACRAN Appeals for Resolution of Diplomatic Tensions Between Nigeria and Niger
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Army troops foil bandits’ attack on anyagba village in benue
Army troops foil bandits’ attack on anyagba village in benue
By: Zagazola Makama
The Nigerian Army troops of the Joint Task Force Operation Whirl Stroke (OPWS) have foiled a planned attack by armed bandits on Anyagba village in Benue State, neutralising one assailant and recovering a firearm and ammunition.
Sources told Zagazola Makama that the joint team,comprising Army, PMF elements and state-backed civil protection guards, was alerted at about 4:00 p.m. to the movement of armed bandits toward Anyagba community, apparently with intent to launch an attack.
“The troops mobilised immediately toward the Utange axis where the bandits were sighted,” the source said.
“On sighting the joint team, the bandits opened fire, leading to a brief exchange. One suspect was fatally wounded during the encounter and later died while being evacuated for medical attention.”
The source said the corpse was deposited at a morgue, while the remaining suspects fled into nearby bushes.
Items recovered at the scene include one AK-47 rifle with breech number 22446, two magazines, three rounds of 7.62mm live ammunition and several expended shells.
“No casualty was recorded on the side of the joint forces,” the source added.
Following the incident, troops intensified combing operations in surrounding bushes to track and apprehend the fleeing suspects.
In a related development along the Katsina-Ala axis, a patrol team on stop-and-search duty recovered a locally fabricated pistol and a cartridge from a bag abandoned by a suspect who escaped on sighting the troops.
The military urged residents to remain vigilant and continue to provide timely information to security agencies to help prevent attacks and protect communities across the state.
Army troops foil bandits’ attack on anyagba village in benue
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