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UNODC World Drug Report 2025: Global instability compounding social, economic and security costs of the world drug problem

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UNODC World Drug Report 2025: Global instability compounding social, economic and security costs of the world drug problem

By: Michael Mike

A new era of global instability has intensified challenges in addressing the world drug problem, empowering organized crime groups and pushing drug use to historically high levels, says the UN Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) in the World Drug Report 2025 launched on Thursday.

“This edition of the World Drug Report shows that organized drug trafficking groups continue to adapt, exploit global crises, and target vulnerable populations,” said the Executive Director of UNODC, Ghada Waly,

She said: “We must invest in prevention and address the root causes of the drug trade at every point of the illicit supply chain. And we must strengthen responses, by leveraging technology, strengthening cross-border cooperation, providing alternative livelihoods, and taking judicial action that targets key actors driving these networks. Through a comprehensive, coordinated approach, we can dismantle criminal organizations, bolster global security, and protect our communities.”

According to the report, 316 million people used a drug (excluding alcohol and tobacco) in 2023, or six per cent of the population aged between 15 and 64, compared to 5.2 per cent of the population in 2013. With 244 million users, cannabis remains the most widely used drug, followed by opioids (61 million), amphetamines (30.7 million), cocaine (25 million) and “ecstasy” (21 million).

Within Nigeria, cannabis remains the most widely used illicit substance, and worryingly, one in three users report needing treatment or counselling—underscoring a significant gap in health services and support.

New groups of vulnerable people fleeing hardship, instability and conflict could cause these numbers to increase further, the report warned. Globally, as indicated by limited sex-disaggregated data, 5.5 per cent of women with drug use disorders were in treatment in 2023, as compared with 13.6 per cent of men with such disorders.

Production, seizures, and use of cocaine all hit new highs in 2023, making cocaine the world’s fastest-growing illicit drug market. Illegal production skyrocketed to 3,708 tons, nearly 34 per cent more than in 2022. Global cocaine seizures reached a record high at 2,275– a 68 per cent rise over 2019-2023. Use of cocaine, meanwhile, has grown from 17 million users in 2013 to 25 million users in 2023.

Cocaine traffickers are breaking into new markets across Asia and Africa, the report notes. The abuse of pharmaceutical opioids, especially tramadol, has also reached alarming levels, with the majority of global tramadol seizures taking place in Africa.

Due to factors like low operational costs and reduced risks of detection, the synthetic drug market continues to expand globally, dominated by Amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS) like methamphetamine and amphetamine (including “captagon”).

Seizures of ATS reached a record high in 2023 and accounted for almost half of all global seizures of synthetic drugs, followed by synthetic opioids, including fentanyl.

The report stated that though estimates vary, the illicit drug trade generates hundreds of billions of dollars per year. Criminal groups innovate constantly, through boosting production, finding new ways to chemically conceal their drugs, and using technology to conceal communications and increase distribution.

It also stated that though resilient, organized criminal networks can be disrupted – but a deeper understanding of the aims and structures of drug trafficking groups is required. Mapping criminal groups can highlight their vulnerabilities, key actors, enablers, and pinpoint possible areas for intervention. Law enforcement agencies could also consider investing in technology and skills training that matches the sophistication of tools used in the drug supply chain.

It explained that evidence suggests that integrating drug use disorder treatment and care into existing healthcare systems improves the quality, effectiveness and efficiency of that treatment and care. Such integration requires, among other measures, that a sufficient number of health professionals be trained and equipped with the necessary tools, which is not a simple task, particularly in systems already hampered by a struggle for resources.

With a national drug use prevalence of 14.4%, nearly three times the global average, and with over 3 million people in Nigeria suffering from drug use disorders, the toll of illicit drug use is significant and growing. Particularly alarming is the 9.2% HIV prevalence among people who inject drugs, and the still limited access to evidence-based treatment services.

Representative, UNODC Country office, Nigeria, Cheikh Toure, noted that: “This is not just a health crisis — it is a development, security, and peacebuilding concern.”

He said in Africa, for example, only 3.4 per cent of the estimated number of individuals with drug use disorders receive treatment. To strengthen evidence-based treatment, Governments must prioritize cost-effective interventions based on public health principles.

UNODC World Drug Report 2025: Global instability compounding social, economic and security costs of the world drug problem

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AURÄI Launches Platform to Strengthen AI Governance, Assurance

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AURÄI Launches Platform to Strengthen AI Governance, Assurance

Firm warns of widening oversight gaps as businesses deploy AI faster than regulatory frameworks and audit systems can keep pace

By: Michael Mike

A global enterprise artificial intelligence (AI) assurance firm, AURÄI, has launched a platform to help organisations monitor, govern and certify AI operations amid growing concerns over accountability, security and regulatory compliance.

The platform was unveiled on the second day of the 30th anniversary conference of the Information Systems Audit and Control Association (ISACA), Lagos Chapter, held at the Oriental Hotel, Victoria Island, Lagos.

The Founder and Chief Executive Officer of AURÄI, Mr Olayinka James, said the rapid integration of AI into business operations was creating governance gaps that could expose organisations to operational, financial, security and reputational risks.

James, who spoke to auditors, risk management professionals and cybersecurity experts at the conference, said 88 per cent of organisations now used AI in at least one business function, while 93 per cent of internal audit functions deployed the technology in some form.

He, however, said only 38 per cent of audit teams had developed an AI strategy, while the same proportion of organisations had comprehensive policies governing AI tools already in use.

According to him, a typical enterprise now operates more than 150 AI tools unknown to its Information Technology (IT) department, highlighting the growing disconnect between adoption and oversight.

“Adoption everywhere. Assurance almost nowhere,” he said.

James said banks were deploying AI models for credit assessments and fraud detection, while fintech companies were integrating foundational AI models into their products faster than policies could address the associated risks.

He added that government agencies were also piloting AI systems capable of directly affecting citizens, making effective monitoring and accountability increasingly necessary.

Drawing parallels with the technology-driven corporate scandals of the early 2000s, James said the current AI transformation could trigger a similar regulatory and professional reckoning.

He recalled that the widespread adoption of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems and electronic ledgers in the late 1990s was followed by the collapse of Enron and WorldCom in 2001 and 2002, as well as the disappearance of audit giant Arthur Andersen.

He said the developments culminated in the enactment of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, which strengthened corporate accountability by requiring executives to certify internal controls and helped establish IT auditing as a specialised profession.

He noted that the emergence of the Certified Information Systems Auditor (CISA) certification was also part of the professional evolution that followed.

James, however, said the current AI revolution presented a more complex challenge because machines were increasingly making decisions rather than merely recording them.

“This time the machines are not recording the decisions. They are making them — credit, claims, benefits, identity — at machine speed and population scale,” he said.

Describing the summer of 2026 as a critical period for AI oversight, James cited several security incidents, industry developments and regulatory responses as evidence of the growing urgency for stronger safeguards.

Among the incidents he referenced were about 1,200 AI agents linked to a breach involving Hugging Face in July, a reported two-week pause in reinforcement learning development by OpenAI in August, the resignation of an Anthropic researcher and Google’s Gemini reportedly escaping a test sandbox into three real companies.

He also cited a breach involving Australia’s Medicare portal as an indication of the security implications of deploying AI systems without adequate safeguards.

On regulation, James referenced California’s SB 813 and AB 1405, which he said mandated independent AI auditors and a state registry.

He also cited a White House Accord committing frontier AI laboratories to independent external audits and board-level oversight, alongside 12 additional AI laws signed in California on Oct. 1.

According to him, the pace of regulatory responses suggested that the world was approaching what he described as an “AI SOX moment”.

He observed that while it took about 10 months from Enron’s collapse to the enactment of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, the current AI developments had produced a comparable reckoning in about seven weeks.

Against this backdrop, James said AURÄI was positioning itself to support the emergence of a new professional field focused on AI assurance, requiring experts capable of assessing, monitoring and certifying AI operations.

Explaining the platform, he said it combined AI agents that automate governance, risk and compliance activities with trained professionals responsible for supervising their work.

He said its capabilities included AI system discovery, evidence collection, control testing, policy drafting and audit documentation.

According to him, the agents operate within defined boundaries and document their activities, while certified professionals review their outputs, challenge findings and approve critical decisions.

“AI agents should escalate to human judgement instead of guessing,” he said.

James said the company was also introducing training and certification programmes to equip professionals with the expertise required to operate its AI agents and supervise their execution.

He said professionals who acquired AI-related skills would be better positioned to remain relevant as organisations increasingly integrated the technology into their operations.

“AI will not take your job. Someone who mastered it will,” he said.

James said the business model was informed by recurring challenges he encountered during more than 20 years in enterprise auditing and cybersecurity roles at Deloitte, PwC, Citigroup, GE Digital and Zimmer Biomet.

He said his experience showed that although many organisations had sound governance frameworks, they often struggled with effective implementation.

“The same pattern repeated everywhere: the frameworks were sound, the execution was broken,” he said.

He added that regulations such as the European Union’s AI Act were introducing stricter requirements around risk management, transparency and human oversight, making it necessary for organisations to demonstrate that their AI systems were properly governed.

James said AURÄI was designed to help enterprises generate the evidence required by internal assurance teams, external auditors, regulators and corporate boards.

The company was co-founded by James, Mr Mohammed Mijindadi and Mr Chris Kanwei, whose professional backgrounds span enterprise auditing, cybersecurity, infrastructure development and institutional investment.

AURÄI Launches Platform to Strengthen AI Governance, Assurance

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Troops Neutralise Two Suspects Arrested Over Killing of Plateau Couple During Escape Attempt

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Troops Neutralise Two Suspects Arrested Over Killing of Plateau Couple During Escape Attempt

By: Zagazola Makama

Troops of Operation Enduring Peace (OPEP) have neutralised two suspected criminals arrested over the killing of a couple at Tabga/Dogon Ruwa village in Wase Local Government Area of Plateau State after they allegedly attempted to escape while being transported by security personnel.

The suspects, identified as Hussaini Mallam Yusufu and Ishaku Sule, were earlier arrested on Nov. 4 for their alleged involvement in terrorist activities and the killing of Abdullah Adamu, 58, and his wife, Habiba Ibrahim, 45, on their farmland in Bashar District.

Security sources told Zagazola Makama that the incident occurred at about 10:00 p.m. on Nov. 7, when troops of Sector 2 OPEP were conveying the suspects to Wase town for onward transfer to the headquarters of the operation.

The sources said one of the military Hilux vehicles developed a minor mechanical fault, forcing the troops to stop and attend to the vehicle.

During the process, the two suspects allegedly jumped out of the vehicle in an attempt to escape, prompting the troops to respond swiftly and neutralise them.

Troops Neutralise Two Suspects Arrested Over Killing of Plateau Couple During Escape Attempt

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AFCSC Senior Staff Course Participants Visit 3 Division, Operation Enduring Peace Headquarters in Plateau

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AFCSC Senior Staff Course Participants Visit 3 Division, Operation Enduring Peace Headquarters in Plateau

By: Zagazola Makama

Participants of the Junior Staff Course 102/26 of the Department of Land Warfare (DLW), Armed Forces Command and Staff College (AFCSC), Jaji, have visited Headquarters 3 Division of the Nigerian Army and Operation Enduring Peace (OPEP) in Plateau State.

Security sources told Zagazola Makama that the delegation arrived at the headquarters at about 9:00 a.m. on Nov. 5, 2026, and was received by the General Officer Commanding 3 Division and Commander of Operation Enduring Peace, Maj.-Gen. W.M. Dangana.

The team was led by the Director of Land Warfare, Brig.-Gen. B.O. Omokpaniola, who represented the Commandant of AFCSC, Jaji.

During the visit, the participants received a briefing on intelligence-led operations and contemporary security threats in the 21st century within the OPEP Joint Operations Area (JOA).

The briefing was designed to consolidate the participants’ knowledge and understanding of operational planning and execution at the tactical level.

This was followed by an interactive session during which participants sought clarifications on various operational issues and made suggestions.

The visit was conducted without any incident.

AFCSC Senior Staff Course Participants Visit 3 Division, Operation Enduring Peace Headquarters in Plateau

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