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China is Reaping the Harvest of Democracy

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China is Reaping the Harvest of Democracy

China is Reaping the Harvest of Democracy

By: Olalekan A. Babatunde

This opinion is coming on the heels of the United States’ preparation to host more than 100 participants in the initial “Summit for Democracy” from 9-10 December 2021. World leaders, along with civil society and private-sector representatives will meet virtually in “renewing democracy in the United States and around the world”. According to James M. Goldgeier and Bruce W. Jentleson in the Politico (5 December), “the summit was never a good idea…” While making reference to the January 6 insurrection, attacks on election officials and ongoing systematic efforts by Republicans in a number of states to curtail voting rights, the authors feared that “the U.S. had questionable credibility to position itself as a leading democracy. “

Determining who is suitably democratic to make the list has already created criticisms and tension. Critics are of the opinion that the list seems to divide the world into “good guys and bad guys.” The entire concept of a democracy summit relies on an overly ideological approach to managing the global agenda. For instance, while Hungary and Turkey are not invited, backsliding democracies such as Poland, the Philippines, Brazil, India and Pakistan on the list raised concerns. Their undemocratic practices have grown worse over the past year. Hungary, the only E.U. a member left out, has already said it is excluded and penalized for its closeness to former President Donald Trump.

Just like other genuine observers of the development, China has legitimately argued “the U.S. has no right to monopolize democratic standards to impose its own political system on others and to instigate division and confrontation under the guise of democracy. “ According to its Foreign Ministry spokesman, Zhao Lijian, “democracy is the common value of all mankind and the right of all peoples.”  Of course, he is right. For a country with a feudal history, China has provided leadership in realizing people’s democracy. 

Long before many nations evolved popular sovereignty, freedom and political equality, China has been practicing elective democracy. It was the Communist leader Mao Zedong that introduced New Democracy or New Democratic Revolution, a concept of Bloc of Four Social Classes theory in post-revolutionary China underpinning the fact that democracy in China would take a path that was decisively distinct from that in any other country. Today, China’s version of democracy is consultative, with voting permitted at the very local level and public feedback collected before any law is implemented. 

In the words of John Ross, former director of economic and business policy for the Mayor of London on China’s framework and delivery on human rights and democracy, said China is “ far superior to the West’s”, as China focuses on real improvement of the real conditions of humanity. While dialogue on democracy is necessary, the idea behind the event raises fundamental questions. What should democracy be all about? What should be the normative end of democracy? Whose system is delivering democratic outcomes? Is China a democracy or not? It is important to provide some explanation. 

When the concepts of democracy as a form of government originated in ancient Athens (Greece) circa 508 B.C. none could ever fathom how thousands of years later the Greek system of direct democracy would pave the way for representative democracies across the globe. The point of departure or contention has often been the designations of whether one’s version of democracy is liberal, direct or pure, indirect or representative or electoral. As democracy varies from peoples, regions, religions and cultures, it is important to underscore the fact that every nation has its own system of democracy. 

Whatever it is, nations evolved their own system in line with their socio-economic and political conditions-history, culture, tradition and so on. For example, the Swiss cantons and towns evolved people’s assemblies while the Chinese developed theirs. Also if democracy can be exported, Tunisia where the Arab Spring began and Afghanistan would have been perfect examples. But the effectiveness of governance itself is the yardstick of popular government. Today, socialist democracy has built prosperous China in line with the Chinese characteristics. It is not that China had not experimented with the western parliamentary, multiparty and presidential systems after its 1911 Revolution. But they failed. 

With the founding of CPC in 1921, an illumination towards democracy was born. China is one of the countries that have advanced their own form of democratic rule. This year marks the 100th anniversary of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and has never stopped pursuing democratic dividends for the people. All along, the Chinese people were at the centre of the struggle. So the end of feudal-autocratic rule gave way for the establishment of a democratic republic. The three decades of political development during the “reform and opening-up” period when socialist democracy and the rule of law were advanced ushered China into a new era.

This is the “Whole-Process People’s Democracy” under the CPC leadership. This sounds all encompassing by integrating process-oriented democracy with results-oriented democracy, procedural democracy with substantive democracy, direct democracy with indirect democracy, and people’s democracy with the will of the state. According to Vice Foreign Minister Le Yucheng, “China’s whole-process people’s democracy is not the kind that wakes up at the time of voting and goes dormant afterwards.” Also, the State Council Information Office of China says it is a model of socialist democracy that covers all aspects of the democratic process and all sectors of society. Again, it is the people that elect their leaders. There are nine political parties including CPC in China today but a multi-party cooperation system in which CPC exercises state power. These other parties participate fully in the administration of state affairs under the leadership of the CPC. 

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Yet, the CPC under president Xi has reinforced and reformed party politics and government institutions in accordance with democratic norms and rule of law.  There are also active roles being played by think tanks and united fronts at the grassroots level up to national level in the development of democratic governance and the rule of law in China. They engage and educate policymakers, media and the public on policy issues, and thereby help bridge the gap between policymakers and the public. In fact, according to the 2014 Global Go To Think Tanks Index Report, Asia (with China) has 16.71% in the global distribution of think tanks by region while North America has 30.05% and Sub-Saharan Africa 7.06%. 

A few of these reforms are the modernisation of China’s governance system and capacity, strengthening CPC’s overall leadership, managing over 1.4 billion population with 56 ethnic groups, advancing democratic elections, robust and widespread consultations, decision-making, management and oversight, and promoting political stability, unity and vitality. Power is derived bottom-up. That is, from the people or grassroots. Participation and liberty is high. There are local people’s congresses at all levels. Townships, provinces and national levels have congresses where over 2 million representatives are elected in agreement with the Chinese founding fathers and leaders’ vision. All administrative, supervisory, judicial and procuratorial organs of the state are created by the people’s congresses, to which they are responsible and by which they are supervised. The National People’s Congress (NPC) is the highest organ of state power and is controlled by the National Committee. 

Elections in China are extensive and cover all aspects of the country’s political and social life. They include elections to government institutions, villagers and urban residents committees, and employees congresses in enterprises and public institutions. Elections in China are based on equality, and the people’s right to vote and stand for election is fully guaranteed. Each person can cast one vote, and all votes are of equal value. Elections in China are genuine and not manipulated by financial interests. Voters are free to vote for the candidates they trust. The above summary of key democratic organs and processes are enabling China to efficiently and effectively discharge and oversee its day-to-day socio-economic and industrial activities within the country and far beyond. Decision-making procedures and government’s accountability to the people are made easy.

The resultant democratic outcomes for the people are huge.  Some of them are worth mentioning. Besides having successfully tamed the spread of COVID-19 pandemic, China has ended absolute poverty by lifting the last 80 million people. It is a unified multi-ethnic state. The Chinese at the grassroots level, employees at private and public institutions exercise democratic rights. This helps to coordinate the interests of multiple stakeholders, mitigate conflict, and maintain social stability and harmony at the grassroots level. Many successful grassroots experiences and practices have eventually turned into national policies, injecting new vitality into the development of China’s democracy. 

A modern prosperous society with the spate of a few decades is beyond many imaginations in the world. A democracy that wheeled the engine of the 4th industrial revolution has propelled China from the 7th economy to 2nd prosperous economy in the world. A visitor to China can easily decipher democratic ideals and freedom across the country. Many other countries’ nationalities cannot claim to enjoy the kind of freedom the Chinese have. 

Lee Kuan Yew of Singapore once said, “The ultimate test of a political system is whether it improves the standards of living for the majority of people.” China has profoundly proved that democracy can be a tool for human development. It has brought rapid development within the country and around the world. With its presence in over 2/3 of the world through bilateral and multilateral cooperation and trade, China respects other people’s democracy and freedom. It does not interfere with internal politics of the host country.

Therefore, as the democracy summit is exposing the fissures of the world, it is also revealing the weakness in our ability to reckon with other popular governments that are working elsewhere. It also uncovers the hypocrisy in us. We trade and invest in the countries not on the summit list. China’s own model of democracy is worth paying attention to.  Many western scholars, diplomats and media have already paid attention to this type of governance that delivers coherent and long-term outcomes of what a true government should be. True democracy is effective governance that is solving problems but not held by political gridlock, corruption and theatrical distractions. 

Participating in the new discussions on democracy is a welcome one but it should afford others to lay out their successes and failures in democracy.  This is what a genuine meeting on democracy ought to be. The world is in dire need of pragmatic democratic leadership that will pursue peaceful development, protect people’s rights and promote freedom, and help to mitigate the effects of the pandemic and climate change regardless of race, gender, faith and region. As President Joe Biden has said, “Democracy doesn’t happen by accident, we have to defend it, fight for it, strengthen it, renew it.” That was exactly what China has done. They consciously developed their model of democracy, defended it against subversions, and strengthened it with their characteristics. What the people are enjoying now is the fruits of democracy. 

*Dr. Babatunde is a fellow, peacebuilding and evidence practitioner at the Nigeria’s Institute for Peace and Conflict Resolution, Abuja.

China is Reaping the Harvest of Democracy

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Nigeria: Buhari’s death has thrown the ADC Coalition into chaos, as plans to ride the former president’s political fortunes against Tinubu and Shettima in 2027 collapsed.

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Late former president, Muhammadu Buhari

Nigeria: Politics: Buhari’s death has thrown the ADC Coalition into chaos, as plans to ride the former president’s political fortunes against Tinubu and Shettima in 2027 collapsed.

By: Dr. James Bwala

The death of former President Muhammadu Buhari has significantly disrupted the African Democratic Congress (ADC) coalition’s strategy ahead of Nigeria’s 2027 elections. The ADC had planned to leverage Buhari’s political legacy to challenge the ruling party, particularly targeting Bola Tinubu and Kashim Shettima. However, with Buhari’s passing, the coalition faces internal disarray as their anticipated advantage dissipates, complicating efforts to unify opposition forces and capitalize on northern political sentiments. 

The ADC has openly criticized President Tinubu’s administration for exploiting Buhari’s death to improve its own public image. The party accuses the government of orchestrating a “political theater” through federal tributes designed as calculated PR stunts, aiming to garner sympathy among Buhari loyalists and consolidate support in the north. This appropriation undermines opposition narratives that sought to use Buhari’s legacy as a counterweight against Tinubu and Shettima.

Buhari’s death has not only unsettled opposition coalitions like the ADC but also enabled the ruling government to manipulate public sentiment strategically. The evolving political landscape demands new approaches from opposition groups if they are to remain competitive in the forthcoming elections. 

As the political scene shifts, the ADC and other opposition parties must reevaluate their strategies to effectively counter the ruling party’s growing influence and maintain relevance in Nigerian politics.

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The ADC and its allies must now craft a narrative that resonates with the electorate, focusing on policy-driven agendas rather than relying solely on Buhari’s legacy to galvanize support. In this context, the ADC and its coalition partners are urged to adopt innovative campaigning strategies that prioritize tangible policy proposals addressing economic development, security, and social welfare to effectively engage a diverse voter base across Nigeria.

The ADC coalition must build robust alliances with civil society organizations and grassroots movements to amplify their reach and effectively challenge the entrenched political structures that favor the incumbents. The ADC’s ability to articulate a clear vision for Nigeria’s future while addressing the electorate’s immediate concerns will be crucial in countering the ruling party’s narrative and regaining political ground. 

To achieve this, they must also navigate the complex political dynamics that have emerged in the wake of Buhari’s death. With Buhari no longer a unifying figure, the ADC and its allies face the daunting task of redefining their identity and political message to resonate with a broader audience. However, to successfully reposition themselves, the coalition must also address internal discord and unify their ranks to present a cohesive front that can withstand both political and public scrutiny. Moreover, the coalition’s efforts must be strategically aligned to counter any attempts by the ruling party to exploit Buhari’s legacy for political gain since they claimed the ruling party is already gaining from Buhari’s death. 

A peep into recent developments within the African Democratic Congress (ADC) coalition has revealed emerging sentiments of regret among some members regarding the defection of key figures from the All Progressives Congress (APC) ahead of the 2027 elections. These “feelers” suggest that certain individuals who left the APC, particularly associates of former President Buhari, may be reconsidering their decisions due to unforeseen political challenges and instability within their new alignments. The dynamics underscore the complexities inherent in Nigeria’s evolving political landscape, where shifting allegiances often reflect strategic calculations as much as ideological commitments.

While official sources and detailed analyses remain scarce, such internal reflections within the ADC coalition highlight potential fractures that could influence electoral outcomes and party cohesion. This situation aligns with broader observations about Nigeria’s opposition coalitions struggling to present a unified front against dominant parties. Understanding these regrets provides critical insight into how political realignments might affect both intra-party stability and national electoral strategies moving forward. 

This introspection may also indicate a broader dissatisfaction with the current trajectory of the ADC, as it struggles to accommodate diverse political interests and ambitions within its ranks. Moreover, the decision to defect appears increasingly precarious as the ADC grapples with internal divisions and questions about its capacity to serve as a viable opposition platform. As the political landscape continues to shift, these internal tensions could lead to a reevaluation of strategic alliances and prompt key figures to reconsider their roles within the ADC. This growing sense of uncertainty may compel some members to seek reconciliation with the APC or explore alternative political alliances that promise greater stability and influence.

While this political storms raged, the activities of both President Bola Ahmed Tinubu and his Vice President, Distinguished Senator Kashim Shettima during the recent burial ceremony has been critically analyzed by a renowned political analyst who posited that the event underscored the formidable alliance between Bola Tinubu and Kashim Shettima. 

This observation highlights how the ceremony served not merely as a cultural or religious rite but also as a potent political statement. By showcasing unity and solidarity, the event effectively dismantled attempts by detractors to sow discord between these two influential figures. The analyst’s perspective suggests that such public displays of cohesion reinforce their combined political capital, which is essential in navigating Nigeria’s complex political landscape.

The burial ceremony functioned as a symbolic platform where communal respect and shared values were emphasized, reflecting positively on Tinubu and Shettima’s partnership. The orchestrated unity at this solemn occasion counteracted divisive narratives propagated by opposition forces aiming to weaken their collaboration. Thus, the analyst’s insight reveals how socio-political events can transcend their immediate contexts to influence broader power dynamics, reinforcing alliances crucial for effective governance and political stability.

* James Bwala, PhD, writes from Abuja.

Nigeria: Buhari’s death has thrown the ADC Coalition into chaos, as plans to ride the former president’s political fortunes against Tinubu and Shettima in 2027 collapsed.

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2027: Coalition embarks on grassroots mobilisation to oust APC in Gombe

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2027: Coalition embarks on grassroots mobilisation to oust APC in Gombe

Some opposition party members in Gombe State under the auspices of Gombe State Working Group have called on its members to work together to achieve success in 2027 elections and unseat the All Progressives Congress (APC)-led government of Gov. Inuwa Yahaya.

Mr Jibrin Barde, Peoples Democratic Party (PDP)’s 2023 governorship candidate who stated this at a stakeholders’ meeting held in Gombe on Friday, said the coalition would only succeed when they work in unity and put personal interest aside.


Barde expressed optimism that the opposition coalition would defeat the ruling APC in the next general elections.


He emphasised the need for all members to embrace unity to achieve the lofty aspirations of their movement, stressing that harnessing collective strength of the coalition would help them achieve their goal.


He stated that the coalition movement was not about individuals, hence admonished the stakeholders to prioritise the collective interest of the fold above all else.


Barde described the APC government in Gombe as “incompetent and insensitive,” accusing it of failing to improve residents’ welfare and overall governance.


“The APC has failed in Gombe State and we can not allow them to continue their misrule which would further inflict pain on residents.
“We are here to bring better days and ensure a brighter future for all our citizens; this is why we want power to change the narrative for the good of the people,” he said.


Barde stressed the importance of mobilising grassroots politicians and leaders of thought to fortify the movement towards entrenching good governance in Gombe State.


Also speaking, Mr Adamu Modibbo, Social Democratic Party (SDP) chairman in the state, urged other political groups and residents to join the coalition to achieve inclusive governance for the state’s collective benefit.
Modibbo further urged opposition parties in the state yet to be part of the coalition to join the movement to fortify the coalition ahead of 2027.

For Labour Party chairman in the state, Mr Benjamin Abner, “this is the time to get the job done by mobilising massively to get new members and fortify ourselves for the task ahead.”


Abner urged party members to take membership drive seriously instead of waiting till 2027.


In a related development, Barde in company of Modibbo and other SDP stalwarts had on Thursday held similar meeting at Akko Local Government Area were they were received by mammoth crowd.

Barde urged the party supporters to embark on massive grassroots mobilisation across the LGA towards achieving the target of the coalition group in the state, adding that the APC was already scared of the coalition movement in the state.

2027: Coalition embarks on grassroots mobilisation to oust APC in Gombe

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Enemies at the Gate: The Manipulation of VP Shettima’s Statement at Adoke’s Book Launch

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VP Kashim Shettima

Enemies at the Gate: The Manipulation of VP Shettima’s Statement at Adoke’s Book Launch

By: Dr. James Bwala

In a democratic society, it is essential for leaders to express their opinions openly, but often, their words can be misinterpreted or manipulated for various reasons. Recently, Vice President Kashim Shettima made a statement at the book launch of former Attorney General Mohammed Adoke. This statement has drawn criticism and misrepresentation from some political opponents, particularly those who do not support President Bola Ahmed Tinubu’s administration. Understanding why enemies of democracy would want to twist Shettima’s words is crucial in analyzing the current political climate in Nigeria. 

I took time to watch the mood and listen over and over to the words from the VP’s shared experiences. It is vital to recognize the broader context of politics in Nigeria. The country has faced significant challenges, including corruption, insecurity, and economic difficulties. Political opponents often seek to gain leverage by creating narratives that undermine the credibility of the current administration. By twisting Shettima’s statement, these adversaries aim to create a divide among the populace. They may hope that by sowing doubt about the vice president’s loyalty to President Tinubu, they can weaken the government’s stability and weaken support for their policies. 

Again, it is understandable that political rivals may deliberately misinterpret Shettima’s words to portray the Tinubu administration in a negative light. For instance, if they suggest that the vice president expressed disdain for a particular policy or decision, this can incite public outrage and foster resistance against the government. They understand that sensationalized narratives can easily spread, especially on social media, where misinformation can go viral. This manipulation creates a dangerous environment for democracy, where facts are overshadowed by distorted versions of events. 

In addition to undermining the current administration, twisting statements like Shettima’s story at the book launch can also serve to distract from pressing issues affecting the nation by redirecting public attention towards their evil intentions. This strategy benefits only those who wish to maintain the status quo or divert criticism from their inability to address significant societal challenges, and we see that coming from the coalators and their supporters. The manipulation of Vice President Shettima’s statement at Adoke’s book launch reflects a broader pattern of political maneuvering in Nigeria. Enemies of democracy often distort words to weaken the administration and distract the public from important issues. Understanding the motivations behind such actions is essential for citizens who wish to engage meaningfully in the democratic process. A well-informed public can differentiate between genuine concerns and politically motivated attacks, thereby strengthening democracy rather than undermining it. 

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It is undeniable that the political landscape in Nigeria has been marked by a whirlwind of speculations and controversies. Despite the efforts of those who seek to undermine the current administration, both President Tinubu and his Vice President Kashim Shettima have shown a remarkable commitment to good governance. Their ability to navigate through political challenges is critical in ensuring that the focus remains on improving the lives of Nigerian citizens rather than getting lost in the distractions created by opponents. 

The political climate is often filled with rumors and accusations that can easily divert attention from important governance issues. Some critics, often labeled as enemies of peace, thrive on chaos and uncertainty, hoping to fuel division and unrest. However, Tinubu and Shettima have demonstrated that they understand the nature of these challenges. They recognize that speculation can sometimes be a tool used to erode confidence in leadership. Instead of allowing these distractions to sway their decisions, they remain committed to their goals and the well-being of the nation. 

An example of their commitment to governance can be seen in their handling of economic issues. The economy of Nigeria has faced significant challenges, including inflation and unemployment. By focusing on policies that stimulate growth and create job opportunities, Tinubu and Shettima aim to instill a sense of optimism among the populace. Their administration has introduced initiatives aimed at improving infrastructure, supporting local businesses, and attracting foreign investments. Through these actions, they seek to create a stable environment that benefits all Nigerians. 

The administration’s approach to security illustrates their commitment to addressing critical issues facing the country. With the rise in insecurity, such as banditry and insurgency, they have prioritized national security and sought to implement sustainable strategies that ensure the safety of citizens. They understand that a secure environment is fundamental for any form of governance and development. While there may be adversities and threats from those who wish to see the presidency falter, President Tinubu and Vice President Shettima remain focused on their mission. They recognize the political games at play and continue to prioritize good governance above all else. Their commitment to economic growth, security, and the betterment of Nigeria showcases a leadership that is determined to rise above distractions and deliver results for the people. By concentrating on these priorities, they aim to create a peaceful and prosperous Nigeria, defying those who oppose progress. 

The role of a leader is often scrutinized by the public, especially when they share their past experiences. Kashim Shettima did so at the book launch. However, discussions emerging about the Vice President’s reflections on his time as the governor of Borno State under President Goodluck Jonathan are being twisted, manipulated, misused, and misinformed. Some are quick to interpret these reflections as signs of disloyalty to President Bola Ahmed Tinubu. However, such interpretations often stem from misunderstanding or mischief rather than genuine criticism of the vice president’s intentions. 

The efforts of those who seek to derail the Tinubu and Shettima administration are rooted in a desire for political power and influence. Critics often argue that their policies are ineffective or detrimental to the country. However, it is essential to assess the administration’s achievements and initiatives that aim to improve the lives of Nigerians. The persistent attempts to undermine the administration often backfire. Instead of weakening the resolve of Tinubu and Shettima, these efforts seem to galvanize their support base. The leaders have continued to engage with the public, emphasizing transparency and accountability, which are vital for restoring trust in government. While critics may proclaim failure, the growing support from various sectors of society indicates that many believe in the vision presented by this administration. 

One could also consider that political dynamics are not fixed. Those days and now are not the same. The relationship between leaders can evolve based on the circumstances at hand. Historical examples from other countries demonstrate that past leaders have often supported each other while still advocating for their individual perspectives. For instance, leaders in various democratic nations have collaborated on initiatives even when they held different positions in government. The vice president’s memories and insights from his past governance do not imply disloyalty to President Tinubu. Instead, they reflect a commitment to learning from history and improving current governance practices. It is essential for the public to separate genuine discourse from mischief-driven narratives. 

* James Bwala, PhD, writes from Abuja.

Enemies at the Gate: The Manipulation of VP Shettima’s Statement at Adoke’s Book Launch

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