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How fake narratives, disinformation on battlefield are shaping Nigeria’s security space
How fake narratives, disinformation on battlefield are shaping Nigeria’s security space
By: Zagazola Makama
In Nigeria’s dynamic security environment, the contest is no longer limited to guns, troops and airstrikes, as the information space has become an active front where competing narratives shape public perception. While some reports are factual, others are misleading or exaggerated, prompting scrutiny among security stakeholders about the impact of disinformation on trust, decision-making and ongoing operations.
In recent days, the pattern has been consistent: major security incidents are swiftly followed by a flood of conflicting reports, exaggerated casualty figures and unverified claims, many of which gain traction before official information becomes available.
The latest example is the military airstrike on a Boko Haram enclave or Market in Jilli, Gubio Local Government Area of Borno.
Within hours of the operation, the media space was awash with reports alleging mass civilian casualties. Figures varied widely, some reports claimed 50 killed, others 159, while some went as high as 200. Yet, available information from official and emergency sources tells a different story.
The area targeted, Jilli, is widely regarded by military authorities as a “no man’s land” an enclave long abandoned by civilians and occupied by insurgents. Access to the location is highly restricted, with movement largely controlled by terrorist elements.
Even state emergency officials in neighbouring Yobe confirmed that while some injured persons from Geidam were treated, they could not independently verify casualty figures from the strike zone.
This prompts a critical question: who is counting the dead in a territory largely inaccessible to civilians and government authorities? The answer lies in the speed and structure of modern information flows.
In today’s digital ecosystem, news travels faster than verification. Initial reports often based on speculation or unverified sources are quickly amplified across social media and picked up by multiple outlets. One credible medium can mislead the whole of the Nigeria’s media with a narrative that is entirely not true and by the time accurate information emerges, the narrative may already be firmly established in public consciousness.
A similar pattern was observed in the reporting of the recent attack in Benisheik. Early reports claimed that 17 people, including a Brigade Commander, were killed. However, subsequent official confirmation put the figure at four. Burial for the four slain soldiers and officers will be carried out on Tuesday 14 April 2026.
Despite the correction, the earlier narrative had already circulated widely, shaping public perception of the incident. Beyond casualty figures, misinformation has also extended to operational details.
In the aftermath of the Benisheik attack, claims surfaced alleging that the Brigade Commander died due to obsolete weapons and faulty Mine-Resistant Ambush Protected (MRAP) vehicles, as well as suggestions that requests for better equipment had been denied. Some even went as far as publishing an entirely fictitious report claiming the general confessed to someone and wrote to Abuja many times.
Military high command and sources in the Brigade however, dismissed these claims as unfounded, noting that no verifiable evidence was provided to support them. Even the MRAP that was burnt in the attack was not because it was faulty, it was because the driver got panicked and ran away.
Perhaps more concerning is the emergence of content that goes beyond misinformation into the realm of psychological influence. One such example is a viral audio message circulating online, in which a speaker makes sweeping allegations linking government officials and security institutions to sponsorship of bandits to Saudi Arabia.
The audio, attributed in some platforms to a figure identified as “English Alhaji,” alleges that the Nigerian authorities are collaborating with armed groups and even facilitating foreign travel for them.
While the claims are serious, and supporting the conspiracy theories on peoples head, they are presented without names, locations, or supporting evidence. It starts with specific accusations on a certain Local Government Chiarman, then gradually expands into a broader claim of institutional betrayal.
The message repeatedly suggests that those responsible for protecting the country are themselves complicit in insecurity. But who are those saddled with the responsibility of protecting the country? (Military and Government). It is clear that the narrative was designed to erode trust in the country’s security institutions and such messaging often relies on emotional intensity rather than verifiable facts.
References to personal danger such as claims that the speaker may be assassinated for revealing the information are also used to enhance perceived credibility and discourage scrutiny. In conflict-affected regions, the impact of such narratives can be immediate and far-reaching.
When trust in security agencies is weakened, civilians may become less willing to share intelligence, report suspicious activities or cooperate with patrols all of which are critical to counter-insurgency efforts.
The spread of disinformation also risks undermining non-kinetic approaches to security.
In several parts of the country, authorities have adopted strategies such as dialogue, amnesty programmes and community reconciliation to reduce violence. However, when these initiatives are stripped of context, they can be misrepresented as evidence of collusion.
The trend is not limited to local incidents. In December, a US-based humanitarian organization issued a grave warning that armed groups are planning coordinated attacks against Christian communities in northern Nigeria during the Christmas period.
The report titled “Concerns about possible Christmas Day attacks” by Mr Judd Saul, the founder of Equipping the Persecuted, says he has privileged information that there are plots by terrorists and bandits to attack rural communities in the councils and kill as many people as possible on Christmas Day.
“They are gathering forces around the Plateau and Nasarawa border, along the Nasarawa-Benue border, and along the Nasarawa-Kaduna border. They are planning to hit on Christmas Day in Riyom, Bokkos, and Barkin Ladi,” Saul said during an Emergency Summit on Crimes against Christians that was held at the US Capitol on Tuesday, December 16. Christmas had came and passed and no mass attacks took place on Christmas day on Christians. The claims were understood to be plot by the foreign NGO, to promote campaign of genocide against Christians in order to destabilized the country along religious lines.
In the past week, claims circulated that more than 1,000 Boko Haram fighters had been transported into Abuja, allegedly prompting US Embassy to shut down operations and evacuated its staff because Abuja is no longer safe is another FAKE news which authorities have since dismissed the claim as FALSE.
Within the same day, another viral video resurfaced claiming that terrorists were advancing on Abuja amid heavy gunfire. The viral report had since been described by the FCT
Commissioner of Police, Ahmed Sanusi, false and misleading.
Another viral post emerged again and being circulated widely on Watssap groups titled “Viewers discretion advised” The 25 female students abducted from a school in Maga, Kebbi state on Sunday been slaughtered like fowls.Honestly this is getting out of hand.
Unfortunately, that video from Burkina Faso had circulated since early 2025 after a terrorists organization carried out mass slaughter of some men in a certain community. But in the circulated message, it was presented as the 25 female students abducted in Maga, kebbi state.
Similarly, viral posts attempted to link Nigeria to a purported social media statement by U.S. President Donald Trump on purported message which allegedly emanate from Iran. President Tump lashed out on CNN for relying on the report. But it turned out that Mr Trump claims
that was also found to be baseless. The statement never emanate from Nigeria but Iran themselves.
These incidents illustrate how misinformation can transcend borders, drawing in global figures and institutions to lend credibility to false narratives. The cumulative effect of these developments is the gradual erosion of “trust architecture” between the public and state institutions.
In counter-insurgency operations, trust is not just a social value, it is an operational asset.
Without it, intelligence gathering becomes more difficult, community policing weakens, and early warning systems begin to fail.
For media organisations, the challenge is balancing speed with accuracy. In a competitive information environment, the pressure to publish quickly can sometimes override the need for verification. However, it is emphasise that credibility remains the most valuable asset of journalism. For the public, the responsibility lies in critical consumption. Not every viral message is factual, and not every widely shared claim is true.
Majority of media organizations also blamed delayed official responses from state institutions for the spread of conflicting narratives during security crises, noting that information gaps often compel media organisations to rely on unverified sources. They said the absence of timely and authoritative updates creates room for speculation, misinformation and exaggerated reporting, which can mislead the public and undermine ongoing operations.
According to them, government agencies responsible for information management must act swiftly to bridge this gap by providing accurate and prompt briefings. State institutions charged with the responsibility of information are not doing enough. The people need to be properly informed,”they said.
The stakeholders emphasised that improving communication and ensuring consequences for misinformation are critical to restoring public trust and maintaining stability during crises.
Zagazola Makama is a Counter Insurgency Expert and Security Analysts in the Lake Chad Region.
How fake narratives, disinformation on battlefield are shaping Nigeria’s security space
News
Senegal President sacks Prime Minister Sonko, dissolves government amid growing tensions
Senegal President sacks Prime Minister Sonko, dissolves government amid growing tensions
By: Zagazola Makama
Senegalese President Bassirou Diomaye Faye has dismissed Prime Minister Ousmane Sonko and dissolved the country’s government following months of growing political tensions between the two leaders.
The decision was announced late Friday through a presidential decree broadcast on state television.
According to the decree read by a presidential aide, President Faye “ended the duties of Ousmane Sonko and consequently those of the ministers and secretaries of state who are members of the government.”
No immediate replacement for Sonko was announced as of the time of filing this report.
The dismissal followed a parliamentary session earlier in the week during which Sonko openly criticised President Faye, further exposing divisions within the ruling political establishment.
Political observers said relations between the two leaders had deteriorated in recent months over issues relating to party leadership, governance direction and the management of state affairs.
Analysts noted that the development could introduce fresh political uncertainty in Senegal at a time the country is facing mounting economic pressures, including rising public debt and broader fiscal challenges.
The dissolution of the government is expected to trigger consultations within the ruling coalition ahead of the appointment of a new prime minister and cabinet.
Senegal has long been regarded as one of West Africa’s more stable democracies, but recent political tensions have continued to attract regional and international attention.
Senegal President sacks Prime Minister Sonko, dissolves government amid growing tensions
News
Why the Diomaye–Sonko Split Became Almost Inevitable Amid Senegal’s Power Struggle
Why the Diomaye–Sonko Split Became Almost Inevitable Amid Senegal’s Power Struggle
By: Zagazola Makama
The dismissal of Senegalese Prime Minister Ousmane Sonko by President Bassirou Diomaye Faye marks the culmination of a political rupture that many observers had long considered unavoidable.
What once appeared to be one of the strongest political alliances in contemporary Senegalese politics gradually evolved into a tense rivalry shaped less by ideology than by competing ambitions, institutional contradictions and the struggle for control of executive authority.
For months, tensions within the ruling camp had become increasingly visible. Though both men emerged from the same political movement and jointly embodied the rise of the PASTEF coalition against former President Macky Sall, the coexistence between a highly charismatic political mentor and a constitutionally empowered head of state proved difficult to sustain.
The crisis is anchored in a fundamental institutional reality:Senegal’s constitutional system ultimately concentrates executive legitimacy in the presidency.
While the Prime Minister exercises substantial governmental authority, the President remains the central pillar of executive power, deriving legitimacy directly from universal suffrage and serving as the supreme authority of the state.
Sources say that the conflict emerged because Sonko increasingly projected himself not merely as head of government, but as an alternative center of political gravity within the state apparatus.
Public speeches, political positioning and repeated demonstrations of personal influence created the perception that two competing executives were operating simultaneously within the same administration.
In highly presidential systems, such arrangements rarely survive for long.
Political theorists have often observed that leaders who attain supreme office tend to resist the emergence of rival figures whose popularity, influence or visibility may overshadow their own authority. The situation in Senegal increasingly reflected that classic tension between institutional legitimacy and political charisma.
Sonko’s political trajectory has long been built around a populist and confrontational style that resonated strongly with segments of Senegalese youth and anti-establishment voters. His appeal stemmed from a mixture of direct rhetoric, anti-system positioning, nationalist discourse and his ability to embody political resistance during years of confrontation with the former administration.
However, the same qualities that fueled his rise may also have contributed to his political isolation. Sourcds note that charismatic populist figures often struggle to adapt from opposition politics to the discipline and compromise required in governance. A political strategy built around constant confrontation can become difficult to reconcile with the institutional restraints of executive power-sharing.
Over time, Sonko appeared increasingly convinced that he remained the true engine behind the ruling coalition’s legitimacy and electoral success. That perception may have encouraged attempts to expand his political influence beyond the traditional boundaries of the prime ministerial office.
For President Diomaye Faye, allowing such an imbalance to persist carried political risks.
The removal of Sonko ultimately reaffirmed a basic constitutional principle, regardless of personal popularity, a Prime Minister remains subordinate to presidential authority in Senegal’s current institutional framework.
By dismissing his Prime Minister, Diomaye signaled that he intended to fully exercise the powers attached to the presidency rather than govern under the shadow of a more dominant political personality.
The decision may also represent an attempt to consolidate state authority, reassure institutional actors and prevent the emergence of dual centers of power capable of paralysing governance. Yet the move is not without danger.
Sonko still commands significant grassroots support and retains strong influence within sections of PASTEF and among politically mobilized youth constituencies. His removal could deepen divisions inside the ruling coalition and potentially reshape Senegal’s political landscape ahead of future elections.
One of the major questions now facing Senegalese politics is whether PASTEF can survive the split without suffering a major internal fracture. Political history across Africa shows that when alliances forged in opposition reach power, tensions often emerge over authority, succession and control of state institutions.
Some party officials and elected representatives may rally behind the President, who controls the state apparatus and constitutional legitimacy. Others may remain loyal to Sonko due to his personal popularity and historical role in the movement’s rise.
The outcome of that struggle could determine whether Senegal experiences a relatively stable political recomposition or enters a prolonged period of institutional tension.
Another key factor will be public sentiment. During years of opposition politics, confrontation and political mobilisation energized large sections of the electorate. However, governing presents different expectations. Many Senegalese citizens now appear increasingly concerned with economic management, institutional stability, governance reforms and social calm rather than perpetual political conflict.
That shift may strengthen Diomaye’s position if he succeeds in presenting himself as a stabilizing statesman capable of governing above partisan rivalries. At the same time, any perception that Sonko has been politically sidelined or unfairly neutralized could trigger renewed political mobilisation among his supporters.
The crisis illustrates a recurring lesson in political systems across the world. Conquering power together is often easier than sharing it afterward. The Diomaye–Sonko alliance was extraordinarily effective as an opposition force united against a common adversary. But once in office, the unresolved question of who truly embodied executive authority became increasingly difficult to avoid.
What began as political complementarity gradually transformed into institutional competition.
The final outcome remains uncertain. Diomaye may emerge stronger by consolidating presidential authority, or Sonko could retain enough political capital to remain a major force capable of reshaping Senegal’s future political balance.
Either way, the rupture marks a turning point in Senegalese politics and may redefine the future trajectory of one of West Africa’s most closely watched democracies.
Why the Diomaye–Sonko Split Became Almost Inevitable Amid Senegal’s Power Struggle
News
Beyond the Frontline: Ashlee Momoh Foundation Restores Hope to Widows of Fallen Heroes
Beyond the Frontline: Ashlee Momoh Foundation Restores Hope to Widows of Fallen Heroes
By Comrade Philip Ikodor
KADUNA – When a soldier falls in the line of duty, the echoes of the final salute eventually fade, but for the families left behind, a silent and grueling battle begins. While these brave men defended the nation’s sovereignty with courage, their widows are often left to navigate a minefield of poverty, trauma, and social isolation.
In a decisive move to address these challenges, the Ashlee Momoh Foundation (AMF) held a special outreach event at the Golden Orange Gate Hotel in Kaduna State on Thursday, May 21, 2026. The initiative sought to provide a lifeline to the families of departed heroes, framed not as charity, but as a profound national debt of gratitude.

The Chairperson and CEO of the Foundation, Princess Ashlee Momoh, emphasized that the AMF remains committed to ensuring no widow walks alone. She noted that the sacrifice of a soldier continues in the quiet hallways of homes where wives suddenly become sole providers.
“Many military widows face a daunting reality: sudden loss of income, housing insecurity, and a lack of access to specialized mental health support,” Princess Momoh stated. “Unless intentional interventions are made, these families remain trapped in a cycle of hardship that dishonors the legacy of the departed. Your story does not end in sorrow; it continues in purpose.”

Princess Momoh outlined the Foundation’s three strategic pillars designed to bridge the gap between loss and self-sufficiency:
Economic Independence: Providing small business grants, financial literacy, and vocational skills to restore dignity and autonomy.
Securing the Future: Offering scholarships and tuition assistance so that children do not pay for their fathers’ patriotism with their education. Emotional Fortitude: Establishing counseling and wellness groups to ensure widows are seen, heard, and sustained.

The Chairperson called for a “whole-of-society” approach, urging the government, private sector, and philanthropic organizations to join in collective action. While government intervention is pivotal, she noted that partnerships are essential to scaling the impact of these programs.
The event featured the distribution of empowerment gift items and the announcement of new scholarship awards. Prominent guests, partners and volunteers in attendance included Special Guests of Honor, Air Commodore Chris Dola (Rtd), PhD, and General Brown Yakubu (Rtd), CEO of Golden Orange Gate Hotel, both of whom delivered goodwill messages and also contributed immensely in support of the Foundation’s mission.
Beyond the Frontline: Ashlee Momoh Foundation Restores Hope to Widows of Fallen Heroes
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